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Geography Weather > Weather & Climate > Flashcards

Weather & Climate Flashcards

1
Q

air pressure

A

the force exerted by air on the earth’s surface

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2
Q

anemometer

A

an instrument for measuring wind speed

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3
Q

air stream

A

a moving current of air

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4
Q

barometer

A

an instrument for measuring air pressure

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5
Q

barograph

A

an instrument for recording air pressure

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6
Q

cold front

A

the boundary in front of cold air

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7
Q

depression

A

a low pressure system that brings unsettled weather

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8
Q

humidity

A

the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere

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9
Q

precipitation

A

moisture from the atmosphere in the form of rain, sleet, hail, snow and dew

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10
Q

rain gauge

A

the instrument for measuring precipitation

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11
Q

Stevenson screen

A

a white wooden box on legs which holds weather instruments

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12
Q

temperature

A

how hot or cold it is

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13
Q

warm front

A

the boundary in front of warm air

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14
Q

weather station

A

is a site where different elements of the weather are measured and recorded

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15
Q

wind vane

A

an instrument for measuring wind direction

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16
Q

altitude

A

the height above sea level

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17
Q

climate

A

the average of the weather conditions, usually measured over 30 years

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18
Q

equatorial climate

A

a hot and wet climate found in many places near the equator

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19
Q

humidity

A

the moisture in the air

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20
Q

Evaporation

A

the change of state from a liquid to a gas

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21
Q

Condensation

A

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

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22
Q

transpiration

A

A way that water enters the atmosphere as water vapour. It leaves plants through pores (holes “stomata”) in the leaves, stems, etc. {similar to sweating of plants}

23
Q

surface run-off

A

the flow of water, or from wet rain, snowmelt, or other sources, over land back to sea level

24
Q

infiltration

A

to pass/seep/trickle through a porous substance (such as certain rock types) for filtration

25
Q

Throughflow

A

the horizontal movement of water through the soil zone

26
Q

Relief rainfall

A

Rain caused by air being forced up, over hills and mountains.

27
Q

convectional rainfall

A

Very common in areas where the ground is heated by the sun such as the tropics
- South Africa experiences this rainfall during summer

28
Q

frontal rainfall

A

rainfall caused by a depression, when warm air rises over cold air

29
Q

Latitude

A

is measured from the equator, with positive values going north and negative values going south.

30
Q

Prevailing winds

A

prevailing winds are the direction the wind blows most of the time and during most of the year

31
Q

Latitude

A

Temperature range increases with distance from the equator. Also, temperatures decrease as you move away from the equator. This is because the suns rays are dispersed over a larger area of land as you move away from the equator. This is due to the curved surface of the earth. In addition polar regions are colder because the suns rays have further to travel compared to place on the equator.

32
Q

North Atlantic Drift

A

warm ocean current in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean. It is a continuation of the Gulf Stream

33
Q

Water Cycle

A

the continuous movement of water between Earth’s surface and the air, changing from liquid to gas to liquid

34
Q

Weather Forecasts?

A

predictions of what the weather will be like in the near future based on patterns of change in the weather

35
Q

How do clouds form?

A

The water cycle causes clouds to form. As the sun heats the ocean, liquid water changes into invisible gas called water vapour which rises in the air. High up in the atmosphere, where the air is cooler, water vapour turns back into water droplets forming clouds.

36
Q

Suppose you are in the seashore on a sunny summer day, in which direction is the wind blowing and why?

A

Inward because air moves from colder to warmer so air above the water is cooler.

37
Q

What are some ways in which humans affect climate?

A

The burning of petrol from cars gives off carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs some of the heat given off by Earth. Buildings, roads absorb and hold more heat from the sun, this affects city temperatures.

38
Q

If you are on the seashore in the morning and the temperature on land and over the sea are about the same, what sort of wind, if any, is blowing? Explain.

A

There would be no wind if the temperature above the sea and land are the same. But if there was any low pressure, are would move from high to low pressure so would blow in that direction.

39
Q

What causes weather conditions to change along fronts?

A

When cold and warm air masses collide, then weather can change - either becoming fair or causes rain storms.

40
Q

Why is Mt. Kilimanjaro’s climate cool all year long?

A

Because of its high altitude

41
Q

List three theories scientists have proposed to explain natural climate changes.

A

Earth’s position - Earth’s distance from sun & tilt changes
Solar energy - more sunspots = warmer climates
Volcanic activity - gases & ash in lead to lower temperatures

42
Q

Convection Rainfall occurs when …

A

Sun provides heat, ground heat up, condensation, air above ground heats up, torrential rain.

43
Q

Relief Rainfall occurs when …

A

Evaporation, condensatin, precipitation, water vapour forced to rise, dew point in shadow.

44
Q

Frontal Rainfall occurs when …

A

Cold air, warm air forced to rise condensation, precipiation, dew point

45
Q

Why is the weather of the UK so changeable?

A

The weather of the UK is very changeable because it is affected by a number of different air masses.

46
Q

What factors affect climate?

A 
There are 5 factors which affect climate. 
Latitude
Altitude
Winds
Distance from the sea (continentality)
Aspect
47
Q

Climate Graphs?

A

Climate can be displayed on a graph. A climate graph contains two pieces of information. The amount of rainfall and the temperature of an area.

48
Q

Another name for the water cycle?

A

Hydrolic Cycle

49
Q

What is the main source of the water cycle?

A

The Sun

50
Q

Where does water evaporate from? List 6

A 
Oceans
Lakes
Soil
Puddles
Your skin
Plant leaves
51
Q

Name 5 different forms of precipitation

A 
Rain
Snow
Sleet
Freezing rain - when rain drops freeze on a cold surface
Hail
52
Q

rain shadow

A

A region having little rainfall because it is sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing winds by a range of hills

53
Q

water store

A

The major stores of water are the ocean, ice caps, land and the atmosphere

54
Q

meteorologist

A

a specialist who studies processes in the earth’s atmosphere that cause weather conditions

Geography Weather (1 decks)

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