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Weather/Climate Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

What is Weather ?

A

The specific day-day conditions in an area

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2
Q

What is climate?

A

The average of conditions in an area over time

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3
Q

Factors affecting climate (4) :

A

Latitude
Elevation
Air masses
Nearness to large bodies of water

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4
Q

What is Latitude give an example:

A

Latitude is the angle measured north to south from the equator
EX: Canada is colder than the United States

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5
Q

What is elevation? Give an example:

A

The height of land measured above sea level
EX: Mount Everest has the highest elevation number

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6
Q

What is air masses? Give an example :

A

Large portions of air with uniform temperature and humidity
EX: there is humid air in America

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7
Q

What is nearness to large bodies of water? Give an Example:

A

Keeps the temperature more consistent
EX: we get a lot of snow because we are closer to a lot of water

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8
Q

What causes weather?

A

All weather on earth is caused by energy coming from the sun(solar radiation)

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9
Q

What drives weather processes?

A

Infrared radiation, the only electromagnetic radiation from the sun that provides heat

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10
Q

What are the percents of suns energy hitting earth?

A

70% is absorbed
30% is reflected

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11
Q

What is insolation? Give an example:

A

Is the amount of solar energy hitting an area
EX: it is greater at the equator then the poles because the suns rays hit the equator most, why it’s so hot

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12
Q

What is albedo? Give an example:

A

The ability a material has to reflect light and heat
EX: snow has high albedo, while a rock doesn’t

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13
Q

What are the 3 components of a biosphere?

A

Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere

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14
Q

Where does weather happen?

A

In the earths biosphere

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15
Q

What is lithosphere?

A

Solid part of the earth

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16
Q

What is hydrosphere?

A

Liquid part of the earth

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17
Q

What is atmosphere?

A

Gas part of the earth, affect by climate

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18
Q

What is a carbon source? Give an example:

A

Is any process that releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
EX: a land fill releases a lot of carbon dioxide because of all the decaying

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19
Q

What do carbon sources affect?

A

Global warming, by adding more greenhouse gasses that trap in the suns heat

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20
Q

What is carbon sink? Give an example:

A

Is any process that takes carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and stores it
EX: plants hold carbon dioxide in their tissues.

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21
Q

What does carbon sink affect?

A

Global warming, the more carbon sinks the less greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere of to trap heat

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22
Q

What are the 3 main greenhouse gasses:

A

Carbon dioxide
Methane
Nitrous oxide

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23
Q

What is global warming potential?

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A

The ability of a gas to trap thermal energy over time

24
Q

What is persistence?

Study These Flashcards
A

The length of time a gas remains in the atmosphere

25
What does anthropogenic mean?
The human activity producing climate change
26
What is atmospheric pressure?
The weight of the atmosphere pushing down on earth
27
What happens to altitude when atmospheric pressure decreases?
Altitude increases
28
What is used to measure atmospheric pressure?
A barometer
29
What happens when pressure drops or rises
If dropped poor weather is to come If rises good weather is to come
30
What is humidity?
When water vapour is in the air
31
What is a condensation nuclei?
When water droplets form around little particles
32
What does the formation of droplets depend on?
The temperature of air (warm air has more vapour then cold air) And The amount of water vapour in the air(humidity)
33
What is a cloud/fog?
Is a formation of water droplets which join to form larger water droplets that then get to heavy and fall as rain
34
When do clouds form?
When warm, moist air rises and cools
35
How can air be forced up?
Land forms Cold or warm air fronts Convection
36
What are the 3 main types of clouds:
Cumulus Stratus cirrus
37
What is a cumulus cloud?
Big “fluffy” often has a flat base
38
What is a Stratus cloud?
Flat, covers a large area, gives an overcast look
39
What is. Cirrus cloud?
“Wispy”, high altitude, made of ice crystals
40
What are clouds with precipitation called?
Nimbus
41
When does precipitation happen? What does it depend on?
When air cools and becomes saturated with water Vapour, it depends on temperature in the different layers of air
42
What is the formation of freezing rain?
When freezing air is so thin that water droplets don’t have enough time to freeze fully before hitting the ground
43
What is a hailstone?
It is a form of precipitation consisting of ice, which is form in a thunderstorm updraft
44
What is sea breeze?
When air on land gets warm and rises leaving an area with low pressure that then air from the cold sea blows in and fills the area creating a breeze
45
What is a land breeze?
At night when the sea is warmer then the land the sea cold air rises leaving a spot with low pressure that then cool land air moves in and fills the area creating a breeze
46
What is thermal energy?
The total kinetic energy of the moving particles in a substance
47
What is temperature?
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance
48
What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another
49
What are the 3 ways heat transfers?
Conduction Convection Radiation
50
What is conduction?
The process when heat is transmitted through a substance when there is a difference of temperature
51
What is convection?
When the movement of fluids temperature increases, and the density lowers
52
What is radiation?
Is when thermal energy is carried as electromagnetic radiation.(infrared radiation)
53
The 4 Layers of earths atmosphere:
Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere
54
What is a biome?
A large area with a defined range of temperature and precipitation
55
The 6 Biomes:
Tundra Teliga Bore Forest Temperate Deciduous Forest Temperate Grassland Temperate Coniferous Forest Mountains
56
What does a climateograph do?
Shows the monthly average of temperatures and precipitation totals of an area Lines-temperature Bars-precipitation

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