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Geography Year 8-9 > Weather and Climate > Flashcards

Weather and Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

Weather

A

Day to day changes in the atmosphere at a certain time or place- variables measured are temperature, precipitation, wind speed/direction, cloud cover and air pressure.

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2
Q

Climate

A

Long-term weather pattern of an area (total of average weather conditions recorded over 30 years)- variables measured are temperature, precipitation and wind.

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3
Q

Temperature

A

Exactly how hot or cold it is

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4
Q

Temperature measurement

A

°C

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5
Q

Temperature measuring equipment

A

Thermometer

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6
Q

Precipitation

A

Water falling from the sky (e.g. rain, snow etc.)

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7
Q

Precipitation measurement

A

mm

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8
Q

Precipitation measuring equipment

A

Rain gauge

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9
Q

Humidity

A

The amount of water vapour in the air

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10
Q

Humidity measurement

A

%

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11
Q

Humidity measuring equipment

A

Hygrometer

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12
Q

Wind speed

A

How fast the wind is blowing

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13
Q

Wind speed measurement

A

kph

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14
Q

Wind speed measuring equipment

A

Anemometer

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15
Q

Wind direction

A

Where the wind is blowing from

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16
Q

Wind direction measurement

A

North(N), East(E), South(S), West(W)

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17
Q

Wind direction measuring equipment

A

Wind vane

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18
Q

Air pressure

A

How heavy the air is around us

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19
Q

Air pressure measurement

A

millibars

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20
Q

Air pressure measuring equipment

A

Barometer

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21
Q

Cloud type

A

Different types of clouds can tell us about weather higher in the atmosphere

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22
Q

Cloud cover

A

How much of the sky is covered with clouds

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23
Q

Cloud cover measurement

A

oktas

24
Q

Cloud cover measuring equipment

A

Okta index cards

25
Q

Precipitation (cause)

A

The sun heats the Earth- but unevenly. Earth in turn warms the air, which rises. Rising air leads to wind, because air from a colder place flows in to replace it. The Sun’s heat also causes water to evaporate, giving water vapour. When the air rises it cools. So the water vapour condenses, giving clouds of water droplets. Droplets join to make larger drops, which falls as rain (or snow, or sleet, or hail).

26
Q

1st layer of the atmosphere

A

Troposphere

27
Q

Troposphere

A

Contains half of the Earth’s atmosphere. Weather occurs in this layer.

28
Q

2nd layer of the atmosphere

A

Stratosphere

29
Q

Stratosphere

A

Many planes fly here, because it’s very stable. Also, the ozone layer absorbs harmful sun rays.

30
Q

3rd layer of the atmosphere

A

Mesosphere

31
Q

Mesosphere

A

Meteors or rock fragments burn up in this layer.

32
Q

4th layer

A

Thermosphere

33
Q

Thermosphere

A

The layer with auroras and where the space shuttle orbits.

34
Q

5th layer of the atmosphere

A

Exosphere

35
Q

Exosphere

A

The layer where the atmosphere merges with space. This layer is very thin.

36
Q

Where the water cycle moves water

A

All around the Earth

37
Q

Inputs

A

Entering the system

38
Q

Flows or transfers

A

Movement in the system

39
Q

Stores

A

Held in the system

40
Q

Outputs

A

Leaving the system

41
Q

Reservoir

A

A large lake where water is stored

42
Q

Water cycle

A

The cycle of water between the oceans, atmosphere and land

43
Q

Surface runoff

A

Water flowing overground (e.g. rivers)

44
Q

Groundwater

A

Water held underground in soil or rock

45
Q

Transpiration

A

Water released from plant leaves into the atmosphere

46
Q

How clouds form

A

When the sun heats up the ground, the air at ground level rises and joins with molecules in the atmosphere.

47
Q

Synoptic charts

A

Charts of surface pressure. They help meteorologists predict the weather.

48
Q

Isobars

A

lines joining areas of equal pressure

49
Q

Low pressure system

A

When pressure decreases towards the middle of the system

50
Q

High pressure system

A

When pressure increases towards the middle of the system

51
Q

Rising air

A

cools down and condensation occurs. This makes clouds and rain.

52
Q

Falling air

A

warms up and any moisture becomes absorbed. This leads to clear skies.

53
Q

Sunlight

A

The amount of daylight.

54
Q

Sunlight duration and intensity measuring equipment

A

Campbell-Stokes sunshine recorder

55
Q

High pressure weather

A

Fine weather, the higher the pressure the calmer the weather. It brings clear skies, meaning very hot weather in the summer and very cold weather in the winter

56
Q

Low pressure

A

Unsettled weather, the lower the pressure the stormier the weather. It brings cloudy skies, meaning very wet and windy weather.

57
Q

Extreme weather

A

An unusual weather event that is unpredictable and can cause widespread damage.

Geography Year 8-9 (4 decks)

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