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Geography, 1920 Term 1 > Weather and Climate > Flashcards

Weather and Climate Flashcards

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1
Q

Where are typhoons typically found?

A

Tropical regions over large oceans.

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2
Q

The 4 conditions of a typhoon:

A

1) large ocean area with no friction
2) warm water with temperatures over 26.5°C
3) abundant supply of water vapour
4) global wind circulation with air set in motion from east to west

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3
Q

What type of pressure system does a typhoon belong to?

A

Low pressure system.

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4
Q

When is typhoon season in Hong Kong?

A

Summer.

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5
Q

Which part of a typhoon has the lowest pressure?

A

The eye.

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6
Q

In which direction does a typhoon rotate when it is in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa, when it is in the Northern Hemisphere?

A

Southern Hemisphere: clockwise

Northern Hemisphere: anti-clockwise

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7
Q

What makes a natural event a natural hazard?

A

Loss of life and property.

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8
Q

The key elements of weather and climate:

A
  • precipitation: type and amount
  • pressure
  • temperature
  • relative humidity
  • wind: direction and speed
  • other information: UV index, AQHI
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9
Q

What does the Hong Kong Observatory do?

A
  • provide the public, the government, the airport and the harbour with accurate information about weather conditions
  • issue warning signals under extreme weather conditions
  • monitor and record the weather conditions
  • educate the public on weather related issues
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10
Q

Why is it necessary to set up the Hong Kong Observatory?

A
  • to safeguard our life and property

- to minimise disruptions to economic and social activities during inclement weather

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11
Q

Action to be taken when the Thunderstorm Warning Signal is issued:

A

Stay at home or remain in a dry, safe shelter.

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12
Q

Action to be taken when the Landslip Warning Signal is issued:

A

People should avoid walking or driving close to a steep slope.

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13
Q

Action to be taken when the Special Announcement on Flooding in the northern New Territories is issued:

A
  • Stay at home or remain in a dry, safe place.

- Stay away from low-lying areas.

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14
Q

Action to be taken when the Very Hot Weather Warning is issued:

A

Avoid exposure under the sun for too long.

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15
Q

Action to be taken when the Cold Weather Warning is issued:

A

Put on more clothes.

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16
Q

Actions to be taken when the Red Rainstorm Warning Signal is issued:

A

Stay at home or remain in a dry, safe shelter.

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17
Q

Action to be taken when the Typhoon Signal Number 8 is issued:

A

Secure all windows and move potted plants indoors.

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18
Q

Action to be taken when the Yellow Fire Danger Warning Signal is issued:

A

Do not set up fire in the wild.

19
Q

Action to be taken when the Strong Monsoon Warning Signal is issued:

A

Secure loose objects outdoors.

20
Q

A weather chart displays (1) over (2) at (3).

A

1) various weather conditions
2) a particular area
3) a particular time

21
Q

Temperature on a weather chart:

A

Shown by number next to the city.

22
Q

Precipitation on a weather chart:

A

● rain
❜ drizzle
▽ shower
✱ snow

23
Q

Air pressure on a weather chart:

A

Shown by isobars, which are black lines joining places with the same air pressure on the chart.

24
Q

Wind on a weather chart:

A

\_ 2.5 m/s
\___ 5 m/s
◣__ 25 m/s
○ calm

25
Q

Use of sunshine recorder:

A

Measuring duration of sunshine in hours.

26
Q

Use of wind vane:

A

Measuring wind direction in compass points.

27
Q

Use of dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometer:

A

Measuring relative humidity (how much water vapour is in the air) in percentages.

28
Q

How to calculate relative humidity:

A

(moisture holding capacity-actual amount of moisture)/moisture holding capacity * 100%

29
Q

The (1) the temperature, the larger the moisture holding capacity.

A

1) lower

30
Q

What does saturated relative humidity mean?

A

100% humidity -> condensation -> water drops -> rainfall

31
Q

Where are dry-bulb and wet-bulb thermometers usually stored, and why?

A

In a Stevenson screen to ensure free movement of air.

32
Q

Use of barometer:

A

Measuring air pressure in hectopascals (hPa)

33
Q

Use of thermometer:

A

Measuring air temperature in degrees Celsius.

34
Q

Use of anenometer:

A

Measuring wind speed in m/s.

35
Q

Use of rain gauge:

A

Measuring precipitation in mm.

36
Q

A rainstorm is a (1). (2) bring (3) in summer. Large amounts of rainfall may (4). To (5), the Hong Kong Observatory will (6).

A

1) weather condition with strong winds and heavy rains
2) high summer temperatures and moist onshore monsoons
3) heavy rains and sometimes rainstorms
4) disrupt traffic, and cause flooding or landslides
5) reduce losses and damage
6) issue rainstorm warning signals when there is a rainstorm

37
Q

What does amber, red and black rainstorm warning signals signify respectively?

A

Amber: heavy rain (>30 mm/hr)
Red: heavy rain (>50 mm/hr)
Black: very heavy rain (>70 mm/hr)

38
Q

A typhoon is a (1). It is a (2). It is usually associated with (3). However, it is (4) and there are (5).

A

1) strong tropical cyclone
2) low-pressure system developed over tropical waters
3) dense clouds, very strong winds, heavy rain and sometimes thunder and lightning
4) calm
5) no clouds in the eye of the typhoon

39
Q

On average, there are (1) typhoons in Hong Kong each year. When a typhoon hits a place, it will (2). At its worst, typhoons can cause (3). (4) brought by typhoons may sometimes trigger (5) such as (6).

A

1) five to seven
2) disrupt economic activity, transport and people’s daily life
3) injuries, and loss of life and property
4) heavy rain
5) other natural hazards
6) flooding and landslides

40
Q

Preventive measures for typhoons:

A

1) good monitoring and warning systems
2) typhoon-proof buildings
3) better land use planning
4) educating people to take precautionary measures

41
Q

Features of typhoon-proof buildings:

A
  • tempered glass with shatter-resistant film
  • compared with two-sided roofs, winds can flow smoothly over four-sided roofs. this prevents roofs from being lifted away by winds from any direction
  • made of concrete to increase strength
  • build on stilt to protect the house from flooding
42
Q

How do we better plan land use in precaution of typhoons?

A

Move settlements away from the shoreline to reduce the effects of storm surges

43
Q

Remedial measures for typhoons:

A

1) well-trained rescue teams and emergency aids

2) open temporary shelters to those affected

Geography, 1920 Term 1 (1 decks)

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