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Classes > Weather and Climate > Flashcards

Weather and Climate Flashcards

1
Q

what is solar energy measured in

A

temperature

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2
Q

what is the greenhouse effect

A

when energy is trapped in atmosphere and keeps the planet warm

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3
Q

the more ___________increases the greenhouse effect

A

carbon dioxide

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4
Q

what is atmospheric pressure

A

the force of air that pushes against people on earth

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5
Q

the_____ the altitude, the thinner the air is/ lower the pressure/ its harder to breathe

A

higher

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6
Q

atmospheric pressure is ______

A

variable

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7
Q

high pressure

A

more stable
dry weather
low pressure
high winds in storms

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8
Q

whats the center of low pressure

A

cyclone

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9
Q

what are the two 4 major pressure zones

A

equitorial, subtropical highs, subpolar lows, polar highs

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10
Q

what is the horizontal flow of air from high to low pressure

A

wind

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11
Q

t/f

do prevailing blow in opposite directions

A

no, false

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12
Q

what are the 3 prevailing winds

A

trade winds, westerlies, polar easterlies

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13
Q

describe the trade winds

A

blow from north to east towards the equator

blow from south to east towards the equator

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14
Q

describe the westerlies

A

in the mid latitudes

in a west direction

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15
Q

describe the polar easterlies

A

blow across high latitudes in east direction

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16
Q

area of no wind, on equator

A

doldrum

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17
Q

water heats/cools _____ than land

A

slower

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18
Q

rivers of sea water

A

currents

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19
Q

what are currents created by

A

winds

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20
Q

what direction do currents move in

A

in a clockwise direction in the north

in a counterclockwise direction in the south

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21
Q

currents move back and forth from ______ to ______

A

the tropics

the polar regions

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22
Q

currents are either _____ or _____

A

warm

cool

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23
Q

warm currents flow from ____ to ____

A

tropics

mid latitude

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24
Q

cool currents flow from ___ to ____

A

mid latitude

high latitudes

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25
Q

whats an example of a warm current

A

gulf stream

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26
Q

whats an example of a cool current

A

California current

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27
Q

what is weather affected by

A

precipitation
elevation
mountain effects

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28
Q

examples of precipitation

A

rain
hail
sleet
snow

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29
Q

what is precipitation

A

water that comes out of the air and goes back

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30
Q

the point when air cannot hold any more water

A

condensation

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31
Q

when air cools, ___ is formed

A

liquid

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32
Q

when water heats, a stream is produced/creating humidity

A

evaporation

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33
Q

precipitation is higher in _____ pressure zones and lowest in ____

A

low

high

34
Q

the ____ you go, the colder it gets

A

higher

35
Q

mountains produce an ______

A

orographic effect

36
Q

when moist air forces a condensation on the windward side of a mountain

A

orographic effect

37
Q

describe the windward side

A

colder
higher precipitation
condensation

38
Q

where does the rainshadow effect happen

A

the leeward side of the mountain

39
Q

describe the leeward side

A

no wind
warmer
lower precipitation
evaporation

40
Q

condensation is to windward
as
_______ is to orographic effect

A

rainshadow effect

41
Q

warmer is to _____
as
colder is to windward effect

A

leeward effect

42
Q

rainshadow effect creates ________

A

deserts

43
Q

sudden violent weather events characterized by high winds, flooding, blowing snow, and lightning/thunder
cause a negative effect on life and property

A

storms

44
Q

t/f

low pressure cyclones become large storms and are pushed by the jet-stream current

A

true

45
Q

what causes thunderstorms/ tornadoes

A

mid latitude storms

46
Q

what becomes hurricanes and typhoons

A

tropical cyclones

47
Q

do mid latitude storms weakenn on land

A

no

48
Q

do cyclones weaken on land

A

yes

49
Q

which climate has the most diverse ecosystems

A

tropical climates

50
Q

send dry air from low pressure to high pressure

A

winter

51
Q

what is when you get moist air from high pressure to low pressure

A

rain

52
Q

alternating wet and dry season

A

monsoon

53
Q

tropical wet/ tropical climates(tropical savannah)

A

grass
trees
shrubs

54
Q

where are tropical climates found

A

between north and south of equator between 0 degrees-10 degrees

55
Q

where is rain

A

in the equatorial low pressure zone

56
Q

t/f

dry climates have varying temperature and a lot of rain

A

false

little rain

57
Q

t/f

dry can be either cold or hot

A

true

58
Q

where are arid climates found

A

between 30 degreesN and 30 degreesS

59
Q

what is dryness caused by

A

subtropical high pressure zones(most of the land experiences the rainshadow effect)

60
Q

in the arid climate, ____ currents creates stable atmospheric conditions

A

cool

61
Q

whats an example of an arid climate

A

sahara desert

62
Q

what is the transition zone between arid and humidclimate

A

semi arid

63
Q

t/f

the semi arid climate has more rainfall, lots of grassy area, good for growing crops like grain

A

true

64
Q

whats an example of a semi arid climate

A

western part of north america

65
Q

name the 2 areas mediteranian climate

A

coastal europe

west coast continents

66
Q

where is the subartic climate

A

anything above 50 degreesN

67
Q

what is temperature controlled by

A

warm ocean current

68
Q

in the subartic climate
winters are ____
summers are ____

A

long cold

warm short

69
Q

where is the subartic examples

A

north america, europe, asia

70
Q

which climate supports boreal forests

A

subarctic

71
Q

tundra climate

A

mostly freezing coastal areas

72
Q

tundra climate
winters are ____
summers are _____

A

long

short

73
Q

which climate has a lot of permafrost

A

tundra

74
Q

what does the tundra climate support

A

moss
liken
short shrubs

75
Q

ice cap climate

A

in polar regions

covered with snow/ice

76
Q

ice cap

north

A

greenland

77
Q

ice cap

south

A

antartica

78
Q

describe ice cap

A

few plants

home to seals, polar bears, whales

79
Q

highland climates

A

temperatures vary
based on elevation
where trees grow(indicates change in temperature{below treeline})

80
Q

what is solar energy converted to

A

heat

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