Weather and climate

Question 1

physical condition of the atmosphere (particularly the troposhere) at a specific time and place with regard to wind, temperature, cloud cover, fog and precipitation

Answer 1

Weather

Question 2

collective word for rain, hail, snow, etc.

Answer 2

precipitation

Question 3

longer term view of the weather patterns of a particular locality

Answer 3

Climate

Question 4

The energy that drives processes in the atmosphere

Answer 4

Solar energy

Question 5

fraction of the incident radiation that is reflected

Answer 5

Reflectivity

Question 6

fraction of the incident radiation that is absorbed

Answer 6

Absorptivity

Question 7

fraction of the incident radiation that is transmitted

Answer 7

Transmissivity

Question 8

A body that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls on

Answer 8

black body

Question 9

“perfect absorber”

Answer 9

idealization

Question 10

a perfect radiator (emitter), i.e., the relative intensities of the different frequencies that it radiates are dependent only on its temperature

Answer 10

black body

Question 11

the ratio of the amount of radiative
power emitted by a non-black body to that of a blackbody at the same temperature.

Answer 11

Emissivity

Question 12

distribution of the emitted spectrum

Answer 12

Solar spectrum

Question 13

considered to behave as a black body having a surface temperature of ca. 6000 K.

Answer 13

Sun

Question 14

not smooth unlike that of a black body of the same temperature. There are deep throughs.

Answer 14

Terrestrial spectrum

Question 15

portion of the incoming radiation that is reflected and scattered back to space. A function of the angle of incidence

Answer 15

Albedo

Question 16

*associated with temperature change, without phase change
*associated with a phase change

Answer 16

• sensible heat
  *Latent heat

Question 17

The water of the oceans is in perpetual state of circulatory motion driven by

Answer 17

convection

Question 18

*water sinks because of its relatively high density (due to low temperature and high salinity)
* water is warmed by the sun > becomes warmer > rises to the surface

Answer 18

• North Atlantic
• Indian and Pacific Ocean

Question 19

primary circulation, large-scale movements

Answer 19

Tropospheric airflow

Question 20

Horizontal movements

Answer 20

 Pressure gradient
 Coriolis
 Friction

Question 21

Vertical movement

Answer 21

 Cooling, heating (changes in density; changes
in pressure with altitude)

Question 22

A fluid tends to move from high pressure region to low pressure region

Answer 22

Pressure Gradient Force

Question 23

Deflection, depending on which hemisphere you are: north, right; south, left

Answer 23

Coriolis force

Question 24

a force that tends to dissipate the energy of a moving body
it acts in the direction opposite the direction of surface air movement

Answer 24

Frictional Forces

Question 25

Warm air rises at the equator

Answer 25

Atmospheric convection cell

Question 26

not necessarily continuous ; Two essentially circumpolar jet streams within the mid-latitude region

Answer 26

Jet streams ;  Subtropical jet stream  Polar front jet stream

Question 27

an area of strong winds ranging from 120-250 mph that can be thousands of miles long, a couple of hundred miles across and a few miles deep. Jet streams usually sit at the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere at a level called the tropopause

Answer 27

Jet streams

Question 28

driven by a strong horizontal temperature contrast

Answer 28

Jet formation

Question 29

part of the atmosphere that has relatively little variation in temperature. Develops over several days under relatively calm condition.

Answer 29

Air mass

Question 30

formed where two masses of different temperature meet.

Answer 30

Front

Question 31

formed where two masses of different temperature meet.

Answer 31

Front

Question 32

When two air masses with different temperature, humidity, and maybe also pressure, collide, it is created.

Answer 32

Front

Question 33

are areas of low pressures that develop at fronts.

Answer 33

Extratropical cyclones

Question 34

are areas of high pressure.Divergent surface air flow. Lower wind speed (smaller pressure gradient) than that in extratropical cyclone

Answer 34

Anticyclones

Question 35

are separated by a certain distance the closer they are the more wind will be.

Answer 35

Isobars

Question 36

depends on its ability to resist vertical motion.

Answer 36

stability

Question 37

makes vertical movement difficult, and small vertical disturbances dampen out and disappear.

Answer 37

stable atmosphere

Question 38

coastal breeze blowing from sea to land caused by the temperature difference

Answer 38

Sea breeze

Question 39

coastal breeze flowing from land to sea caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land.

Answer 39

Land breeze

Question 40

bathed in moist maritime and continental air

Answer 40

East coast of Asia

Question 41

The wind flow is reversed in the summer months, brining moist maritime winds and greater rain

Answer 41

Eurasian interior

Question 42

Essentially same climatic influences as those in the north

Answer 42

Southern hemisphere