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Air Pollution > Weather and climate > Flashcards

Weather and climate Flashcards

1
Q

physical condition of the atmosphere (particularly the troposhere) at a specific time and place with regard to wind, temperature, cloud cover, fog and precipitation

A

Weather

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2
Q

collective word for rain, hail, snow, etc.

A

precipitation

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3
Q

longer term view of the weather patterns of a particular locality

A

Climate

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4
Q

The energy that drives processes in the atmosphere

A

Solar energy

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5
Q

fraction of the incident radiation that is reflected

A

Reflectivity

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6
Q

fraction of the incident radiation that is absorbed

A

Absorptivity

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7
Q

fraction of the incident radiation that is transmitted

A

Transmissivity

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8
Q

A body that absorbs all electromagnetic radiation that falls on

A

black body

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9
Q

“perfect absorber”

A

idealization

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10
Q

a perfect radiator (emitter), i.e., the relative intensities of the different frequencies that it radiates are dependent only on its temperature

A

black body

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11
Q

the ratio of the amount of radiative
power emitted by a non-black body to that of a blackbody at the same temperature.

A

Emissivity

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12
Q

distribution of the emitted spectrum

A

Solar spectrum

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13
Q

considered to behave as a black body having a surface temperature of ca. 6000 K.

A

Sun

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14
Q

not smooth unlike that of a black body of the same temperature. There are deep throughs.

A

Terrestrial spectrum

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15
Q

portion of the incoming radiation that is reflected and scattered back to space. A function of the angle of incidence

A

Albedo

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16
Q

*associated with temperature change, without phase change
*associated with a phase change

A
  • sensible heat
    *Latent heat
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17
Q

The water of the oceans is in perpetual state of circulatory motion driven by

A

convection

18
Q

*water sinks because of its relatively high density (due to low temperature and high salinity)
* water is warmed by the sun > becomes warmer > rises to the surface

A
  • North Atlantic
  • Indian and Pacific Ocean
19
Q

primary circulation, large-scale movements

A

Tropospheric airflow

20
Q

Horizontal movements

A

 Pressure gradient
 Coriolis
 Friction

21
Q

Vertical movement

A

 Cooling, heating (changes in density; changes
in pressure with altitude)

22
Q

A fluid tends to move from high pressure region to low pressure region

A

Pressure Gradient Force

23
Q

Deflection, depending on which hemisphere you are: north, right; south, left

A

Coriolis force

24
Q

a force that tends to dissipate the energy of a moving body
it acts in the direction opposite the direction of surface air movement

A

Frictional Forces

25
Q

Warm air rises at the equator

A

Atmospheric convection cell

26
Q

not necessarily continuous ; Two essentially circumpolar jet streams within the mid-latitude region

A

Jet streams ;  Subtropical jet stream
 Polar front jet stream

27
Q

an area of strong winds ranging from 120-250 mph that can be thousands of miles long, a couple of hundred miles across and a few miles deep. Jet streams usually sit at the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere at a level called the tropopause

A

Jet streams

28
Q

driven by a strong horizontal temperature contrast

A

Jet formation

29
Q

part of the atmosphere that has relatively little variation in temperature. Develops over several days under relatively calm condition.

A

Air mass

30
Q

formed where two masses of different temperature meet.

A

Front

31
Q

formed where two masses of different temperature meet.

A

Front

32
Q

When two air masses with different
temperature, humidity, and maybe also
pressure, collide, it is created.

A

Front

33
Q

are areas of low pressures that develop at fronts.

A

Extratropical cyclones

34
Q

are areas of high pressure.Divergent surface air flow. Lower wind speed (smaller pressure gradient) than that in extratropical cyclone

A

Anticyclones

35
Q

are
separated by a certain distance the closer they are the more wind will be.

A

Isobars

36
Q

depends on its ability to resist vertical motion.

A

stability

37
Q

makes vertical movement difficult, and small vertical disturbances dampen out and disappear.

A

stable atmosphere

38
Q

coastal breeze blowing from sea to land caused by
the temperature difference

A

Sea breeze

39
Q

coastal breeze flowing from land to sea caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land.

A

Land breeze

40
Q

bathed in moist maritime and continental air

A

East coast of Asia

41
Q

The wind flow is reversed in the summer months, brining
moist maritime winds and greater rain

A

Eurasian interior

42
Q

Essentially same climatic influences as those in the north

A

Southern hemisphere

Air Pollution (3 decks)

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