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GEO > weather and climate > Flashcards

weather and climate Flashcards

1
Q

What is the weather?

A

it is the state of the atmosphere around us it can change from hour to hour

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2
Q

What causes the weather?

A

The sun and water vapor

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3
Q

Where does the weather happen?

A

the troposphere is where weather most occurs

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4
Q

What are the main elements of weather?

A

Air pressure, Temperature, Cloud cover, Precipitation, Wind direction, Wind speed, Sunshine

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5
Q

Weather instruments

A

an instrument used to measure and record the weather

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6
Q

How do clouds and rain form?

A

Warm air containing water vapor rises –> As the warm air rises, it cools –> Water vapor condenses into tiny dust particles
in the air, forming a cloud droplet –> Billions of cloud droplets together form a cloud –> Cloud droplets join up to make larger, heavier droplets, which fall as rain!

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7
Q

What are the three types of rainfall?

A

Frontal, convectional, relief

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8
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Weather is short-term atmospheric conditions, whereas climate is the weather of a place over a long period of time (30 years)

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9
Q

What affects the climate?

A

Latitude, altitude, albedo, distance from the sea, ocean currents

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10
Q

Air pressure

A

the force or weight of the air above us. It is measured in millibars

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11
Q

Altitude

A

How high land is above sea level. usually measured in meters or km above sea level

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12
Q

Anemometer

A

A weather instrument used to measure the wind speed

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13
Q

Arid climate zone

A

an area with a hot and dry climate

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14
Q

Atmosphere

A

A layer of gases surrounding a planet

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15
Q

Barometer

A

a weather instrument used to measure air pressure

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16
Q

Campbell Stokes Sunshine recorder

A

A weather instrument used to measure the number of hours of sunshine

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17
Q

Climate

A

climate is the weather of a place over a long period of time (30 years)

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18
Q

Climate graph

A

A graph which shows the typical monthly rainfall and temperatures for a place

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19
Q

Climate zone

A

An area that has its own climate. Climate zones also have their own type of vegetation and wildlife

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20
Q

Clouds

A

A large collection of very tiny droplets of water or ice crystals which float in the air

21
Q

Cloud cover

A

The amount of cloud covering the sky. Cloud cover is measured in oktas (eighths)

22
Q

Condensation

A

the process when water vapor turns into a liquid

23
Q

Convectional rainfall

A

rain that is formed when the ground heats up during warm, sunny weather

24
Q

Drought

A

A prolonged period of little or no rainfall, leading to a shortage of water

25
Q

Evaporation

A

The process when water turns from a liquid into a gas (water vapor)

26
Q

Front

A

the boundary between two air masses

27
Q

Frontal rainfall

A

rainfall formed when two air masses meet

28
Q

Latitude

A

how far north or south a place is from the equator

29
Q

Mediterranean climate zone

A

an area with mild winters and very warm, dry summers

30
Q

meteorology

A

study of weather

31
Q

Mountain climate

A

an area with a cool and often wet climate found at higher altitudes

32
Q

North Atlantic Drift

A

a warm ocean current that affects the UK

33
Q

Ocean currents

A

movements of warm or cold water around the world’s oceans

34
Q

Polar climate zone

A

an area with a cold and dry climate

35
Q

Precipitation

A

any type of moisture reaching the Earth’s surface

36
Q

Rain gauge

A

a weather instrument used to measure the amount of precipitation that has fallen in 24 hours. usually measured in millimetres

37
Q

Relief rainfall

A

rain formed when air is forced to rise over a hill or a mountain

38
Q

stratus clouds

A

a featureless cloud like a layer of fog. they bring rain, drizzle, and damp weather

39
Q

temperature

A

how warm or cold the air is. temperature is measured in degrees Celsius (ºC) or Fahrenheit (ºF)

40
Q

thermometer

A

a weather instrument used to measure the temperature

41
Q

tropical climate

A

an area with a hot and wet climate all year

42
Q

water vapor

A

water held in the air as a gas

43
Q

weather

A

the daily changes in the condition of the atmosphere

44
Q

weather forecast

A

a prediction of what the weather will be like in the next few hours, days, weeks, or even months

45
Q

weather station

A

a place where information is collected about local weather conditions

46
Q

wind direction

A

the direction that the wind is blowing from. wind direction is measured using compass bearings

47
Q

wind speed

A

how fast the wind is blowing. wind speed is measured in miles or km per hour

48
Q

wind vane

A

a weather instrument used to measure the wind direction

GEO (2 decks)

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