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Geography (Physical) > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main weather elements?

A 
Precipitation (rain, hail, sleet & snow)
Temperature
Wind Speed and Wind Direction
Sunshine
Cloud Cover
Visibility
Air Pressure
Humidity
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2
Q

How do you measure temperature?

A

Thermometer (maximum & minimum) in *C, in the shade often in a Stevenson Screen

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3
Q

What is a Stevenson Screen?

A

White, slatted box. Sits on grass, with long legs.

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4
Q

How do you measure precipitation?

A

Rain gauge in milimetres (mm), partly sunk into the ground for stability in the wind, away from tress and buildings

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5
Q

How do you measure air pressure?

A

Barograph in milibars (mb), indoors

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6
Q

How do you measure wind speed?

A

Anemeter in knots/ force scale, attatched to a building or used manually

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7
Q

How do you measure wind direction?

A

Wind vane in N,S,E,W, high up on a building

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8
Q

How do you measure sunshine?

A

Campbell Stokes Sunshine Recorder in hours, in the open-clear view of sky

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9
Q

How do you measure cloud cover?

A

Human eye in oktas

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10
Q

How do you measure visibility?

A

Observation in kilometers (km)

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11
Q

How do you measure humidity?

A

Hygrometer (wet & dry bulb thermometer) in *C

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12
Q

How does latitude affect temperature in the UK?

A

Areas further north or south receive less sun because sun’s rays pass through more atmosphere and spread out

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13
Q

How does aspect affect temperature in the UK?

A

Places facing south are warmer because:
they receive more sun
sheltered from cold winds

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14
Q

How does relief affect temperature?

A

Temperatures decrease by 1*C every 100 metres.

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15
Q

How does distance from the sea affect temperature?

A

warmer in winter in west of UK because:
Atlantic ocean milder than land surface
warm ocean current (North Atlantic Drift) makes temperatures milder

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16
Q

What is relief rainfall?

A

Upland areas receive more rain than lowland areas. Moist air blows reaches hills and cools down, condenses then rains.

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17
Q

What are the air masses which affect the UK?

A 
Artic maritime (Am)
Polar maritime (Pm)
Tropical maritime Tm)
Tropical continental (Tc)
Polar continental (Pc)
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18
Q

What does artic maritime bring?

A

Very cold and moist air

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19
Q

What does polar maritime bring?

A

Cold and moist air

20
Q

What does tropical maritime?

A

Warm and wet air

21
Q

What does tropical continental bring?

A

Warm and dry

22
Q

What does polar continental bring?

A

Cold and dry

23
Q

Explain the formation of a depression

A

Where the Tm and Pm air masses meet is called a front
Warm air rises over the cold air, creating low pressure
Wind blows around and towards low pressure in anticlockwise direction

24
Q

What is a warm front?

A

Warm air rising over cold air

25
Q

What is a warm sector?

A

Occupied by Tm air

26
Q

What is a cold front?

A

Where cold air undercuts warm air

27
Q

What is an isobar?

A

Lines joining places with same air pressure

28
Q

What is an occluded front?

A

Cold front meets warm front

29
Q

What clouds appear before warm front?

A

Cirrus

30
Q

What clouds appear during warm front?

A

Nimbostratus

31
Q

What clouds appear during warm sector?

A

Stratus

32
Q

What clouds appear during cold front?

A

Cumulonimbus

33
Q

What clouds appear after cold front?

A

Cumulus

34
Q

Describe rainfall before warm front

A

Dry

35
Q

Describe rainfall during warm front

A

Prolonged rain

36
Q

Describe rainfall during warm sector

A

Scattered showers

37
Q

Describe rainfall during cold front

A

Heavy rain

38
Q

Describe rainfall after cold front

A

Scattered showers

39
Q

What are features of an anticyclone

A

Wind blows clockwise parallel to isobars
Isobars are far apart, meaning light/calm winds
Sunny clear skies
Dense air sinking and no air rising

40
Q

Describe the weather in an anticyclone in Summer.

A
  1. Dry (air is sinking)
  2. Light winds or calm (isobars are widely spaced)
  3. Sunny, few clouds (air is sinking)
  4. Hot during the day (there are few clouds)
  5. Cool at night (there are few clouds)
  6. Early morning dew
  7. Occasional thunderstorms
  8. Costal mist
41
Q

Describe the weather in an anticyclone in Winter.

A
  1. Dry (air is sinking)
  2. Light winds or calm (isobars are widely spaced)
  3. Sunny, few clouds (air is sinking)
  4. Cold during the day (there are few clouds)
  5. Frost at night (there are few clouds)
  6. Early morning fog, especially on low ground.
42
Q

How does aspect affect rainfall?

A

The hillsides which face the moist winds receive the most rain which in the UK is the west facing slopes because the AO is to the west. On the other side of the hill the air sinks and warms . Very little water vapour will condense meaning there are fewer clouds and less rain (called a rainshadow area)

43
Q

How does distance from the sea affect rainfall?

A

The winds that reach the west coast are usually full of water vapour and bring lots of rain because most of the water vapour in our air is evaporated from the Atlantic Ocean . As the winds move eastwards they drop most of their water so bring less rain to places further east.

44
Q

What is latitude?

A

Latitude describes how far a place is from the equator.

45
Q

What is aspect?

A

Aspect is the direction in which the land faces.

Geography (Physical) (5 decks)

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