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Europäisierung > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

General features of a low in N hemisphere

A
  • Wind direction CC relative to center
  • lower pressure than surroundings
  • rising air with dry&wet adiabatic cooling
  • clouds form
  • bad weather (precip)
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2
Q

Pressure Systems at
- 60N
- Equator
- North Pole
- 30N

A
  • low
  • low
  • high
  • high
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3
Q

Prevailing wind direction between
A. Equator and 30N
B. 30N and 60N
C. 60N and North Pole

A

A. NE
B. SW
C. NE

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4
Q

Which cloud type
A. In unstable maritime polar airflow
B. In stable maritime tropical airflow

A

A. Cumulus
B. Stratus

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5
Q

Define warm/cold front

A

Warm: Leading edge of a warm air mass. Warm air replaces cold air

Cold: vice versa

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6
Q

Cloud type & precip until warm front passes

A

Stratiform & continuous precip

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7
Q

VIS, ceiling, air pressure before warm front

A

Sinking VIS, ceiling and air pressure

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8
Q

Turbulence, icing and temp change at warm front

A

Light turbulence, rime ice, increasing temp

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9
Q

Conditions at warm front with exceptional unstable conditions

A

Cumulus embedded in stratus, showers

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10
Q

Where is the warm sector in a low and which air mass contacts the ground there?

A

Between warm & cold front, warm air mass contacts ground

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11
Q

Which amount of clouds, precip and VIS in warm sector?

A

Broken clouds, temp precip, moderate VIS

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12
Q

Type of stability for cold front
A. Type I
B. Type II

A

A. Unstable
B. Stable

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13
Q

Turbulence, temp change and pressure change at cold front type I

A

Moderate - severe turbulence, sinking temp, rising pressure

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14
Q

Clouds, VIS, phenomena and icing at Cold front type I

A

Cu, TCU, CB; low VIS in precip, else good; clear ice; showers, thunderstorms, hail

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15
Q

Clouds, VIS, phenomena and icing in cold front type II

A

NS, AS; low VIS; mixed&rime; continuous precip

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16
Q

Name of the area behind cold front
Precip, cloud type, icing, turbulence and VIS

A

Rear side
ISOL showers, cumuliform, clear ice, moderate turbulence, outside precip great VIS

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17
Q

Explain the formation of an occlusion

A

Cold front catches up with warm front, warm air mass is lifted off the ground

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18
Q

Weather conditions at occlusion

A

Warm & cold front conditions, very bad and severe weather

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19
Q

Where do you expect a squall line?

A

In front of/parallel to a cold front, in the warm sector

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20
Q

Cloud type, phenomena and wind at squall line

A

CB, Cu, TCU; showers, hail, TS, gusty wind

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21
Q

Sequence of cold front, rear side, warm front, warm sector

A

Warm front, warm sector, cold front, rear side

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22
Q
A

A unstable & decreasing temp
B unstable & decreasing temp
C no temp change
D increasing temp
E stable

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23
Q

Moderate icing
Thrust, lift, drag, weight

A

Thrust decrease
Lift decrease
Drag increase
Weight increase

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24
Q

Effect of icing on
A. Rotors & engine
B. Moveable parts

A

A. Vibration and damage
B. Makes them stuck

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25
Q

Temp range of icing in clouds

A

0C to -20C

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26
Q

Within which kind of clouds do you expect severe icing?

A

Young TCU, cumuli at a front, CB, upsloping clouds at windward side of a mountain

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27
Q

Which type of ice
A. Cu at -5C
B. TCU at -15C
C. AS at -11C
D. FZRA
E. NS at -25C

A

A. Clear
B. Rime
C. Rime
D. Clear
E. None

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28
Q

Which type of ice
A. CB at -8C
B. AC at -15C
C. CS at -30C
D. +FZDZ
E. NS at -5C

A

A. Clear
B. Rime
C. None
D. Clear
E. Rime

29
Q

Explain frost

A

Ice crystals formed by sublimation

30
Q

Clouds at 8,000‘ with precip. Temp near surface is negative, between 1,000‘ and 2,000‘ positive air temp.
Which hazard can be expected during final?

A

FZRA

31
Q

Temp near surface is -4C, aloft overcast AS with rain
Hazard near surface?

A

FZRA

32
Q
A

d

33
Q

What is necessary for the formation of a TS?

A

Lifting action, unstable atmosphere, high humidity

34
Q

TSRA and obscured sky. Which cloud?

A

CB

35
Q

Where do
A. Air mass TS occur
B. Frontal TS occur

A

A. Isolated within air mass
B. Long fronts

36
Q

Which type of air mass TS is caused by
A. Thermal lifting/ converging airflow
B. Me mechanical lifting over mountains

A

A. Convective TS
B. Orographic TS

37
Q

8 TS hazards

A
  • lightning
  • hail
  • gusts
  • severe turbulence & icing
  • rapid reduction of VIS & ceiling
  • Altimeter/ radar/ radio errors
38
Q

Sunny June day, moist and unstable atmosphere.
Hazard developing in afternoon?

A

Convective TS

39
Q

Moist and unstable airflow.
Hazard over Black Forest?

A

Orographic TS

40
Q

When penetrating a TS, in which level greatest risk of
A. Icing
B. Lightning strikes

A

A. Between freezing level and -10C
B. Freezing level +- 5,000‘

41
Q

Why is hail a hazard?

A

Damage, low VIS, danger to ground operations

42
Q

In which cloud is hail likely?

A

CB

43
Q

What is the cause of
A. Convective turbulence
B. Mechanical turbulence

A

A. Heating from below
B. Obstructions, strong wind near the ground

44
Q

High air temp on final approach
Which hazard?

A

Convective turbulence

45
Q

Wind 250/20G34
Hazard on low level flight?

A

Mechanical turbulence

46
Q

Hazard during strong airflow over Harz mountains

A

Mountain wave

47
Q

Over Alps 190/80G102
Where severe turbulence?

A

Above and North of the Alps

48
Q

Side of mountain where mountain waves can be expected and which hazard

A

Leeward side
Severe turbulence

49
Q

What is wind shear, where does it occur and which hazard?

A

Sudden difference in wind direction or speed
In fronts or inversions
Causes turbulence

50
Q

Crossing cold front below clouds, no hail and no TS
Which phenomenon is likely?

A

Wind shear

51
Q

What and where is a microburst?

A

Sudden downdraft below/in the vicinity of a TS

52
Q

Circumstances to submit PIREP

A
  1. Weather is considerably different than forecasted
  2. Unusual weather phenomena
  3. Missed approach due to weather
53
Q

Define isobars

A

Lines connecting places of equal pressure

54
Q
A

A. 220/moderate to strong, stratiform, continuous precip
B. Fine day and night, risk of radiation fog forming in the night

55
Q

How long is the forecast period?

A

ETD - ETA+1h

56
Q

Two parts required in weather brief

A

Written and oral form

57
Q

Void after

A

Time until T/O had to be executed, else forecast is invalid, max 3h(+2h extension) prior to T/O

58
Q

Under which circumstances are sunrise/set times in the route forecast?

A

T/O or landing is planned +-1h around Sunrise/set

59
Q

Difference between solid and dotted lines in area weather

A

Solid: border between different prevailing conditions
Dotted: border between different minimal conditions

60
Q
A

A. Hills > 2,000‘ MSL obscured
B. Valleys < 2,000 MSL locally obscured

61
Q

Meteorological factors effecting night illumination

A

Clouds, precip, ground conditions

62
Q

Define civil twilight

A

Time after sunset/ before sunrise when the sun is 6deg below the horizon

63
Q

When is ˋdark nightˋ

A

Sun is at least 16deg below the horizon

64
Q

Explain moon brightness

A

Brightness of the horizontal ground caused by moonlight

65
Q

Limiting NVG range

A

1,5 km

66
Q

Effect of snowfall on NVG

A

Strong deterioration

67
Q

Effects of dense mist on NVG

A

Strong deportation

68
Q
A

A. 19 mlx
B. 70 mlx
C. 200 mlx

Europäisierung (4 decks)

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