Weather Flashcards
How does latitude affect climate?
- Temperatures generally decrease the further north you go because the sun’s rays are less concentrated further away from the equator.
- It’s colder in northern Scotland because there is more atmosphere for the sun’s rays to pass through.
How does altitude affect climate?
- Wind speeds increase as altitude increases.
- Temperatures decrease 1C for every 100 meters gained in height.
How does continentality affect climate?
- The North Atlantic Drift keep. the temperatures warmer on the west coast than on the east coast of the UK.
- Places further inland have a greater annual range in temperature due to distance from the effects of the oceans.
- Places closer to the sea have warmer/milder winters and cooler summers because oceans heat up slowly in summer and cool slowly in winter.
How does aspect affect climate?
- In the northern hemisphere south facing slopes can be warmer because they face the sun.
- North facing slopes are shaded from the sun and are therefore cooler.
Source of tropical continental air mass
North Africa and the Sahara
Characteristics of tropical continental air mass
Hot and Dry
Source of tropical maritime air mass
Atlantic Ocean
Characteristics of tropical maritime air mass
Hot and Wet
Source of polar maritime air mass
Greenland/artic sea
Characteristics of polar maritime air mass
Cold and wet
Source of polar continental air mass
Northern Europe
Characterises of polar continental air mass
Cold air during winter, hot air during summer + Dry
Source of artic maritime air mass
The Arctic
Characteristics of artic maritime air mass
Wet and Cold
Give an answer to an exam question about the impacts of polar continental air mass
Will bring cold air, leading to snow and roads being blocked. Schools may have to move to remote learning. Once the snow melts, rivers could flood with the extra water. Sledge and skis sales will increase as people make the most of the snow. Increase in heating bills as people will need to get warm in homes. Increase in death rate for the elderly who may struggle with the cold temperatures and access in the snow.
What is a depression?
A low pressure weather system
Weather condition before the warm front of a depression?
Cool temperatures, low cloud cover, dry, wind speed is increasing
Weather conditions at the warm front of a depression?
Temperatures are increasing, increased cloud cover, steady rain, increase in wind speed
Weather conditions at the warm sector of a depression?
Warm temperatures, decrease in cloud cover (broken stratus clouds), isolated showers, westerly wind
Weather conditions at the cold front of a depression?
Sudden drop in temperatures, thick cloud cover, heavy rain, increase in wind speed
Weather conditions after the cold front of a depression?
Cool temperatures, decrease in cloud cover, scattered showers, drop in wind speed
What is an anticyclone?
(Anti ti ti ti ti cyclone cyclone) A high pressure weather system
Advantages of anticyclones in the winter
Crispy weather, sunny but no sunburn
Disadvantages of anticyclones in the winter
Fog, short days, very cold, risky because of icy grounds, temperatures plummet at night which increases heating bills, severe frost
Advantages of anticyclones in the summer
Warm, calm and sunny weather, long days, dry
Disadvantages of anticyclones in the summer
Heatwaves, drought, increased water demand, low wind speed which reduces the potential for wind power
