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Drone > Weather > Flashcards

Weather Flashcards

1
Q

standard day air temp at sea level

A

15 C or 59 F

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2
Q

standard day air pressure

A

29.92 Hg (inches of mercury) or 1013 millibars

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3
Q

Absolute Altitude

A

height above ground level (AGL)

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4
Q

True Altitude

A

height above mean sea level (MSL)

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5
Q

Density Altitude

A

altitude relative to the standard atmospheric conditions at which the air density would be equal to the indicated air density at the place of observation- i.e. the altitude at which your aircraft feels like it’s flying

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6
Q

Pressure Altitude

A

altitude when barometric pressure scale is set to 29.92 Hg

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7
Q

Pressure Altitude= density altitude

A

during standard conditions

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8
Q

if the density altitude is higher, the air is

A

thinner

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9
Q

if the density altitude is lower, the air is

A

more dense

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10
Q

if the density altitude is higher, aircraft performance is

A

lower

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11
Q

density altitude is affected by 4 factors:

A

altitude, temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity

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12
Q

higher density altitude occurs at

A

higher elevations, higher temperatures, higher humidity, lower atmospheric pressures

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13
Q

lower density altitude occurs at

A

lower elevations, lower temperatures, lower humidity, higher atmospheric pressures

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14
Q

Low level temperature inversion

A

an increase in temperature as altitude increases

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15
Q

Open land gives off more rising heat than water or areas of vegetation. This uneven heating of the area creates

A

convective currents and turbulence

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16
Q

convective currents with turbulent air are experienced at what altitudes and temperatures

A

low altitudes and warm temperatures

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17
Q

describe how a sea breeze works

A

land heats up faster than water during the day so warm dense air over land rises and is replaced by cool thin air from over the water

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18
Q

describe how a land breeze works

A

offshore wind created at night because land cools faster than water so warm dense air over water rises and is replaced by cooler denser air from over the land

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19
Q

wind flows smoothly up a mountain but becomes turbulent when it follows the contour of the mountain down the other side. what is the name for this wind and what does it cause?

A

katabatic wind, downdrafts

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20
Q

wind shear

A

sudden drastic change in wind speed and or direction of a small area. can occur at all altitudes in all directions, characterized by 180 degree direction changes and speeds above 50 knots

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21
Q

describe a microburst

A

short lasting (15 mins or less) small area (1 mile wide, 1000ft vertically) downdrafts of up to 6,000 ft per minute and wind direction changes of 45 degrees or more in seconds

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22
Q

what 4 conditions make the chance of wind shear go up?

A

around thunderstorms, low-level temperature inversion, frontal zones, clear air turbulence

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23
Q

what are the only two processes in which moisture is added to air

A

evaporation and sublimation

24
Q

what factor changes the amount of moisture in the air

A

temperature

25
Q

colder air is dryer and warmer air is more moist. how much of a temperature increase does it take to double the amount of moisture the air can hold?

A

20 degrees F

26
Q

evaporation

A

changing of liquid water to water vapor

27
Q

sublimation

A

changing of ice directly to water vapor without changing to liquid

28
Q

relative humidity

A

actual amount of moisture in the air compared to the total amount of moisture the are could hold at that temperature

29
Q

dew point

A

the temperature at which the air can hold no more moisture

30
Q

what forms at the altitude where temperature and dew point reach the same value when moist unstable air rises

A

clouds then fog, dew, frost, rain, hail, or snow

31
Q

what forms when the temperature and dew point converge

A

fog

32
Q

what is fog

A

a cloud that begins within 50 feet of the ground

33
Q

when does fog occur

A

when the air temp near the ground is cooled to the dew point

34
Q

radiation fog

A

forms in low areas like valleys when the surrounding air reaches its dew point and the ground cools rapidly due to terrestrial radiation.

35
Q

advection fog

A

forms when wind blows moist air from sea over cool land or inland from the coast

36
Q

upslope fog

A

forms when moist stable air is forced up a slope by wind

37
Q

steam fog

A

forms over bodies of water in cold weather when cold dry air moves over warm water. can cause icing

38
Q

ice fog

A

occurs when temps are way below freezing and water vapor becomes ice crystals

39
Q

when does frost occur

A

when the dew point is below zero and the propeller temp is below the dew point

40
Q

how does frost hinder drone operation

A

it spoils the smooth flow of air over the propellers, decreasing lift capacity

41
Q

SIGMET

A

significant meteorological information- advisory about very severe weather

42
Q

AIRMET

A

Airmen’s meteorological information- advisory about moderately severe weather

43
Q

what type of clouds make thunderstorms

A

cumulonimbus

44
Q

under what conditions do thunderstorms form

A

high humidity, lifting force such as heat, unstable lapse rate (rate of change of temp with altitude)

45
Q

what are the 3 stages of a thunderstorm

A

cumulus, mature, dissipating

46
Q

which thunderstorm stage has lifting action, wind shear and turbulence

A

cumulus

47
Q

which thunderstorm stage has precipitation, violent turbulance, decreasing temps, and increasing winds?

A

mature

48
Q

which thunderstorm stage has anvil shape and downdrafts

A

dissipating

49
Q

what’s the closest you should fly to a thunderstorm

A

20 NM

50
Q

which type of thunderstorms are most severe

A

squall line

51
Q

what distance must you stay away from clouds

A

500 feet below, 2000 ft horizontally

52
Q

what is the minimum flight visibility requirement

A

3 SM

53
Q

ceiling is defined as

A

the lowest layer of clouds reported as being broken or overcast

54
Q

unstable air occurs when

A

air moves over a warmer surface causing convective currents and rising air

55
Q

stable air occurs when

A

air moves over a colder surface so no convective currents form

56
Q

characteristics of unstable air

A

cumuliform clouds, turbulent air, showery precipitation, good visibility

57
Q

characteristics of stable air

A

stratiform clouds, smooth air, continuous precipitation, poor visibility

Drone (3 decks)

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