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AT > Weapon Design > Flashcards

Weapon Design Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between a carriage and a mount?

A

A carriage is ordnance which travels on its wheels and fires with its wheels in contact with the ground.
A mounting does not fire with its wheels in contact with the ground.

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2
Q

Explain the two types of mounting?

A

Mobile - towed with wheels removed or raised for firing.

Self propelled - Built into an open or closed tracked hull.

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3
Q

What are functions of a carriage or mounting?

A
  • Provide mobility for transport
  • Support ordnance and give stability
  • Give ordnance direction in elevation and traverse
  • provide accurate and quick laying to ordnance
  • absorb recoil energy and return gun to firing position
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4
Q

What are the two major parts of a carriage or mounting?

A

The superstructure

The basic structure

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5
Q

What is the superstructure?

A 
Saddle
Cradle 
Recoil system
Balancing gear
Elevating gear
Traversing gear 
Sights
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6
Q

Name 3 types of cradle?

A

Trough type
Ring type
Open structure

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7
Q

What is in the recoil system?

A

The buffer

The recuperator

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8
Q

What is the balancing gears job?

A

Tension
Compression
Stop keep the gun balanced

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9
Q

What does equilibrators do?

A

Provide mechanical assistance in the elevation and depression of the barrel

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10
Q

Ways elevating gears operate?

A
  • Hand wheel operated gear train
  • Remote control power driven mechanism
  • electric hydraulic mechanism controlled by hand wheel
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11
Q

Types of elevating gears?

A

Worm and segment
Nut and screw
Arc and pinion

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12
Q

Types of traversing gears?

A

Nut and screw
Arc and pinion
Ransom nut and screw
Worm and segment

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13
Q

What does the sight do?

A

Provides a means of positioning of the barrel at the correct line and elevation.

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14
Q

Parts of the basic structure?

A 
Trail
Saddle supports
Articulations
Spades
Platforms
Wheels and axles
Suspension and brakes
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15
Q

4 types of trails?

A

Bowed boxes trail
boxes trail
Split trail
Pole trail

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16
Q

On uneven ground 4 points of contact can only be maintained by some form of articulation what are they?

A

Pins
Rocking arms
Ball socket joints

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17
Q

Spades can be what?

A

Fixed
Hinged
Detached

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18
Q

Platforms are commonly used with what configuration?

A

Box trail

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19
Q

Functions of brakes?

A

To prevent movement of the equipment on firing
To enable the equipment to park on slopes
To assist man handling

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20
Q

Most common arty ammo?

A

HE
Smoke
Illuminating

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21
Q

Modern arty ammo?

A

Guided projectiles

Sub munitions

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22
Q

HE projectiles are designed to?

A

Disperse high velocity fragments

Effect is accompanied by blast

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23
Q

HE effective against?

A

Unprotected personnel

Soft skinned vehicles and installations

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24
Q

Arty HE fixing functions?

A

Airburst
Ground burst
Delay

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25
Q

Arty carrier payload types?

A

Smoke
Smoke WP
Illumination
Sub munitions

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26
Q

What is smoke used for?

A
  • Blind the enemy’s observation and inhibit the use of aimed direct fire and observed indirect fire
  • screen movements of troops from enemy
  • marking targets for engagements by other weapon systems
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27
Q

Smoke advantages and disadvantages?

A

Advantages
-in suitable weather conditions they can blind or screen a much larger area, for a longer period of time than can be effectively neutralised by the same number of HE projectiles
Disadvantages
- wind

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28
Q

Why is illuminating rounds carried at a low percentage?

A

Image intensifiers
Low light television
Thermal imaging
Infra red sights

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29
Q

Explain arty range?

A
  • Permits engagement of targets over a larger area
  • Increases possibility of concentrating fire of more guns on a given target
  • Position artillery beyond range of enemy indirect fire weapons
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30
Q

Increasing range two main methods?

A

Post fire boost - base bleed

Post fire boost - rocket assist

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31
Q

Increasing range, propellant considerations?

A

Requires modification to platform

Added stresses requires heavier equipment

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32
Q

Additional propellant considerations to increased range?

A

Accuracy
Consistency
Stress on system

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33
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Accuracy is the measurement of precision with which the MPI of a group of rounds can be placed on a target

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34
Q

What is consistency?

A

Consistency is a measure of spread of rounds around the MPI when rounds are fired from the same gun at the same elevation

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35
Q

Accuracy is a function of the overall system, affected by many sources of error including what?

A

Survey of guns
Accuracy of target location
Inaccuracy inherent to the ammunition and instruments
Corrections applied for external conditions

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36
Q

Consistency is affected by round to round variations in a number of things including what?

A

Ballistic coefficient
Weather conditions
Laying, ramming and wear of the gun

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37
Q

Main threats to modern arty are indirect fire weapons and ground attack aircraft these are offset by?

A

Dispersion
Cam and concealment
Digging
Mobility

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38
Q

Shields, 3 main reasons for retention?

A
  • Afford limited measure of protection against battery counter fire
  • field guns can be used as direct anti tank weapons
  • protect some members against war damage from blast over pressure
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39
Q

What are the 5 basic requirements of arty?

A 
Range 
Ammo
Accuracy and consistency 
Mobility 
Protection
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40
Q

Mortar definition?

A

A mortar is a weapon I which the main recoil force is transmitted directly to the ground through a base plate. It is usually smooth bore, muzzle loading, firing a fin stabilised bomb, with its own propelling charge, at a low MV and high trajectory

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41
Q

WhT are the main components of a mortar bomb?

A 
-bomb body
Fuse
Provides obturation
- tail unit
Propulsion system
42
Q

What are the two types of augmenting cartridges?

A
  • Thin leaves of plasticised and bonded propellant stapled together
  • hollow plastic cartridges containing granular propellant
43
Q

Advantages or mortars?

A

Moderate cost
Low weight
Simplicity
High angle and rates of fire

44
Q

Disadvantages of mortars?

A 
Long flight time
Inaccuracy compared to guns
Dependence on ground conditions 
Lack of protection for mortar crews
Degraded performance in wet conditions
45
Q

4 categories of mortars?

A

Light 50-70mm
Medium up to 100mm
Heavy 120mm
Gun mortar

46
Q

4 fire types for mortars?

A

PD
Delay
MTSQ
proximity

47
Q

HE definition?

A

Any explosive which once initiated decomposes almost instantaneously into its original molecular structure by the passage of a detonation wave through it, with a subsequent production of heat and gases and liberation of great energy.

48
Q

Detonation definition?

A

An extremely rapid chemical change with the evolution of heat and gas, accompanied by a violent disruptive effect and intense blast.

49
Q

LE definition?

A

An explosive substance, which decomposes rapidly through combustion with the evolution of heat and flash, and generates a large quantity of gaseous products burning rate up to 300m/s

50
Q

What is the difference between HE and LE?

A

Whether the speed of decomposition is either less then or greater then the speed of sound (343m/s)

51
Q

6 considerations for delivery systems?

A 
Nature of task
Terrain
Effect required at target
Range
Mobility 
Protection
52
Q

What is IDF?

A

It refers to firing a projectile on a ballistic trajectory or delivering munitions by guided or unguided missiles.

53
Q

What is the major advantage of FFR when employed as IDF support weapons?

A

Large rate of fire in a short period of time

54
Q

Why is bed in a mortar a disadvantage?

A

Waste of two rounds

Compromises the position

55
Q

8 delivery system tasks?

A 
Suppression 
neutralisation 
Destruction 
Harassment 
Illumination 
Interdiction 
Counter battery fire
Coordination of fire
56
Q

Advantages of guns?

A

Quick response
High rate of fire - short time
Good accuracy and consistency
Multiple charge systems provide good range coverage

57
Q

Mortar definition?

A

A weapon that’s main recoil is transferred directly to the ground through a base plate. It is usually a smooth bore, muzzle loading, firing a fin stabilised bomb, with its own propelling charge, at a low MV and high trajectory

58
Q

Mortar design features?

A 
Smooth bore
Muzzle loading 
No recoil mechanisms
Restricted to firing above 45 degrees
Cannot be fired in direct fire role
59
Q

Mortar advantages?

A 
Large rate of fire in short time
High mobility 
Lethality against unprotected troops
Low velocity 
Simple and inexpensive 
Easy to operate 
Silent in flight
Light weight
Easy to dig in
60
Q

FFR definition?

A

A tube open at one end in which fuel is burnt, the gases form the burning fuel escape out of the opened end.
The momentum of escaping gases causing an equal and opposite reaction on the closed end.
The projectile flight path cannot be changed.

61
Q

FFR advantages?

A
  • Large rate of fire in a short period of time
  • range increase incurs only a small weight penality
  • able to saturate an area quickly
  • greater potential as carrier
62
Q

Two main parts of a gun?

A

The carriage or mounting

The ordnance

63
Q

Function of the ordnance?

A

Provides a vessel to contain force of the burning charge in such a way that the energy produced is transmitted safely and predictably to the projectile.

Imparts direction and stability to the projectile

64
Q

3 main components of the ordnance?

A

Barrel and it’s attachments
The breech
The firing mechanism

65
Q

The rifling in the bore is engraved along a what line?

A

Helical

66
Q

Two types of rifling?

A

Constant

Progressive

67
Q

In sequence of events on firing what must come after the cross over of max pressure and velocity?

A

All burn point

68
Q

Three types of muzzle breaks?

A

Built up
Solid forging
Swaged-double or single baffle

69
Q

A decrease in the initial resistance to shot start is cause by what and what effect will this have?

A

Barrel wear

Range decreased

70
Q

2 categories of breech mechanisms?

A

Sliding

Screw

71
Q

What do fume extractors do?

A

Remove fumes from the barrel in order to stop it from entering the crew compartment

72
Q

5 methods of barrel construction?

A 
Wire wound
Monobloc
Composite barrels
Loose barrel/loose liner
Built up barrels
73
Q

3 groups of firing mechanisms?

A

Percussion
Electric
Percussion and electric

74
Q

Ammunition definition?

A

All the material used in discharging all types of firearms or any weapon that throws projectiles, shot, shrapnel, bullets, cartridges and the means of igniting and exploding them, as primers and fixes. Chemicals, bombs, grenades, mines and pyrotechnics are also ammunition.

75
Q

When did cast iron barrels become prevalent?

A

16th century

76
Q

Who designed the first modern combustion time fuse?

A

COL Boxer

77
Q

Why are trunnions an important improvement to weapons?

A

Absorbed some of the recoil shock

Allowed the gun to be raised and lowered for firing

78
Q

Who invented the breech loading gun?

A

Sir William Armstrong

79
Q

Who is credited with the concept of a gun?

A

The mock black berthold

80
Q

In 1784 which British army officer developed a hollow cannon ball filled with shot which burst mid air?

A

Henry Shrapnel

81
Q

Early variations of rifling?

A 
French rifling 
Woolwhich rifling
Oval bore
Hexagonal or whitworth rifling 
Lead coated shell
Vavasseur’s driving band
82
Q

When and where was the 1st fully self contained SAA cartridge created?

A

Paris 1808

83
Q

Ingredients of Greek fire?

A

Naphtha
Sulphur
Pitch

84
Q

Main ingredients of the Chinese gunpowder?

A

Saltpetre
Sulphur
Charcoal

85
Q

What was Roger Bacons importance to the development of explosives?

A

He described the composition and experimented to improve its quality and explosive power

86
Q

Gunpowder grains loaded in a gun had sufficient room between them for what purpose?

A

To allow the flash to reach them all at the same time

87
Q

HMX was initially a side product of what HE?

A

RDX

88
Q

What is the British name of the adopted filler picric acid?

A

Lyddite

89
Q

When did the development of explosives start?

A

The Middle Ages

90
Q

When was gun powder discovered?

A

9th century

91
Q

When was smokeless gun powder developed?

A

1865

92
Q

Who patented ballistite in 1887?

A

Alfred Nobel

93
Q

Ballistite consisted of what?

A

Camphor (wax)
NG
NC
Is manufactured as a solid fuel for rocket propellant

94
Q

A British research team modified ballistite and got cordite which consisted of what?

A

NG
Gun cotton (NC)
Petroleum jelly

95
Q

3 modern smokeless powders?

A

Single based
Double based
Triple based
Composite based

These propellants are far more stable, less corrosive on barrels,with a reduced flash signature and greater consistency in pressure generation on firing.

96
Q

When was fulminate of mercury discovered?

A

17th century

Other main use was that of detonators

97
Q

HE was discovered when?

A

19th century

98
Q

Who discovered gun cotton and what did it consist of?

A

1846 - Schoenbein
NC
Nitric acid
Cotton fibres

Frederick Abel refined the process

99
Q

Who discovered that NG dissolves NC?

A

Nobel

100
Q

What makes up comp B?

A

RDX
TNT
Wax

AT (2 decks)

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