Weak, Fragile, and Phantom States

Question 1

state building in africa

Answer 1

Summary:

• illegitimate, ineffective colonial-leftover governments
• lack of large-scale war
• heterogeneity
• foreign aid helps build dependance and Neo-Patrimonialism
• foreign aid = no taxes = no bureaucracy

Question 2

fragile state

Answer 2

• lacks: rule of law, effectiveness, autonomy, legitimacy
• may lead to humanitarian risks, human rights violation, stunted economic development, terrorism
• destabilizes neighbors as well
• several african states with arbitrary colonial borders: weak national identity
• south sudan, afghanistan

Question 3

sovereignty

Answer 3

• often not present internally in fragile state, may or may not be present externally
• present internally but not externally in phantom state

Question 4

phantom state

Answer 4

• states with internal but not external legitimacy
• taiwan, gaza, kosovo, somaliliand
• lack international ties, excluded from trade & aid, can destabilize the region
• pandora’s box for international recognition