We love protists

Question 1

Characteristics of protists

Answer 1

1. Consists of unicellular (mostly) eukaryotes

2. Basically are eukaryotes that are NOT fungus, plants, or animals

Question 2

What does SAR stand for

Answer 2

S = Stramenopila

A = Alveolata

R = Rhizaria

Question 3

Stramenophiles

Answer 3

1. Diatoms

2. Brown Algae

Question 4

Diatom

Answer 4

1. One of the most important photosynthetic org. on Earth
2. Glass cell walls
3. Cell walls fit together like a shoe box
4. Found in freshwater and marine env.
5. Make lipid product that gives them energy and buoyancy
6. Accumulation of diatoms can form sediment known as diatomaceous earth

Question 5

Brown Algae

Answer 5

1. Large and complex
2. All are multicellular, most are marine
3. Seaweed, not plants because they lack roots, stems, and leaves
4. Water molds
5. Phytothora

Question 6

Phytothora

Answer 6

1. A brown algae

2. Causes the Irish potato famine

Question 7

Alveolates

Answer 7

1. Dinoflagellates

Question 8

Dinoflagellates

Answer 8

1. Unicellular autotrophs, heterotrophs, and mixotrophs
2. Common parts of plankton
3. Can cause blooms (red tides)
4. One lives inside coral
5. Includes ciliates - use cilia to move; ex. Paramecium
6. Also includes parasites - Plasmodium causes malaria

Question 9

Rhizaria

Answer 9

1. Foraminiferans

2. Radiolarians

Question 10

Foraminiferans

Answer 10

1. Marine and freshwater
2. Calcium carbonate shells
3. Threadlike pseudopodia

Question 11

Radiolarians

Answer 11

1. Internal skeleton
2. Mostly marine
3. Shells become part of sediment when they die
4. In some areas “radiolarian ooze” is several meters thick

Question 12

Characteristics of supergroup Excavata

Answer 12

1. Have an “excavated” feeding groove

2. May have modified that lack of functional ETCs and use of anaerobic pathways for energy

Question 13

Excavata:

Heterotrophs example

Answer 13

Termite symbiont

Question 14

Excavata:

Autotroph example

Answer 14

Euglena

Question 15

Excavata:

Parasite example

Answer 15

Giardia intestinalis

waterborne, causes severe diarrhea

Question 16

Excavata:

Parasite example #2

Answer 16

Trichimona vaginalis

Causes an STF; it is developing antibiotic resistance

Question 17

Excavata:

Parasite example #3

Answer 17

Trypanosomes
-transmitted by insect bites
ex T. Brucei
(Causes African Sleeping Sickness and it transmitted by the tse tse fly

Question 18

Supergroup Unikonta

Answer 18

1. Amoebozoans

Question 19

Amoebozoans

Answer 19

1. Free-living and parasitic amoebas
2. slime molds
3. Have psuedopods
4. Parasite ones include the protist that causes amoebic dysentary

Question 20

Amoebozoans continued….

Answer 20

1. Plasmodia slime modes:
   Bright colors
2. Found where there is moist,
   decaying organic matter
   Not multicellular

—
1. Instead it is a multicellular mass of cytoplasm called a plasmodium

2. When food is not plentiful it will form spores

Question 21

Amoebozoans continued part 3

Answer 21

1. cellular slime molds:
   Common on rotting logs and decaying matter
2. Usually exist as solitary amoeboid cells
3. When food is scarce they will swarm together forming an aggregate structure that will eventually dry up and form spores

Question 22

Supergroup Archaeplastidia

Characteristics

Answer 22

1. Almost all are autotrophic
2. Red algae
3. Green algae
4. Alternation of generations life cycle

Question 23

Red algae

Answer 23

1. ) accessory pigment masks chloroplast
2. ) multicellular
3. ) carrageenan (gel)

Question 24

Green algae

Answer 24

1. Chloroplasts

2. Unicellular and colonial

Question 25

Alternation is generations life cycle

Answer 25

Multicellular diploid form alternates with a multicellular haploid form