WCAG 2.2 Perceivable

Question 1

1.1

Answer 1

Text Alternatives - Provide text alternatives for any non-text content so that it can be changed into other forms people need, such as large print, braille, speech, symbols or simpler language.

1.1.1 only

Question 2

1.1.1

Answer 2

Non-text Content (Level A)

All non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose, except for the situations listed below.

Controls, Input
If non-text content is a control or accepts user input, then it has a name that describes its purpose. (Refer to Success Criterion 4.1.2 for additional requirements for controls and content that accepts user input.)

Time-Based Media
If non-text content is time-based media, then text alternatives at least provide descriptive identification of the non-text content. (Refer to Guideline 1.2 for additional requirements for media.)

Test
If non-text content is a test or exercise that would be invalid if presented in text, then text alternatives at least provide descriptive identification of the non-text content.

Sensory
If non-text content is primarily intended to create a specific sensory experience, then text alternatives at least provide descriptive identification of the non-text content.

CAPTCHA
If the purpose of non-text content is to confirm that content is being accessed by a person rather than a computer, then text alternatives that identify and describe the purpose of the non-text content are provided, and alternative forms of CAPTCHA using output modes for different types of sensory perception are provided to accommodate different disabilities.

Decoration, Formatting, Invisible
If non-text content is pure decoration, is used only for visual formatting, or is not presented to users, then it is implemented in a way that it can be ignored by assistive technology.

Question 3

1.2

Answer 3

Time-based Media - Provide alternatives for time-based media.
1.2.1 to 1.2.9

Question 4

1.2.1

Answer 4

Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded) (Level A)

For prerecorded audio-only and prerecorded video-only media, the following are true, except when the audio or video is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such:

Prerecorded Audio-only
An alternative for time-based media is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded audio-only content.

Prerecorded Video-only
Either an alternative for time-based media or an audio track is provided that presents equivalent information for prerecorded video-only content.

Question 5

1.2.2

Answer 5

1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded) (Level A)
Captions are provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such.

Question 6

1.2.3

Answer 6

1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded) (Level A)
An alternative for time-based media or audio description of the prerecorded video content is provided for synchronized media, except when the media is a media alternative for text and is clearly labeled as such.

Question 7

1.2.4

Answer 7

1.2.4 Captions (Live) (Level AA)
Captions are provided for all live audio content in synchronized media.

Question 8

1.2.5

Answer 8

1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded) (Level AA)
Audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media.

Question 8

1.2.6

Answer 8

1.2.6 Sign Language (Prerecorded) (Level AAA)
Sign language interpretation is provided for all prerecorded audio content in synchronized media.

Question 9

1.2.7

Answer 9

1.2.7 Extended Audio Description (Prerecorded) (Level AAA)
Where pauses in foreground audio are insufficient to allow audio descriptions to convey the sense of the video, extended audio description is provided for all prerecorded video content in synchronized media.

Question 10

1.2.8

Answer 10

1.2.8 Media Alternative (Prerecorded) (Level AAA)
An alternative for time-based media is provided for all prerecorded synchronized media and for all prerecorded video-only media.

Question 11

1.2.9

Answer 11

1.2.9 Audio-only (Live) (Level AAA)
An alternative for time-based media that presents equivalent information for live audio-only content is provided.

Question 12

1.3

Answer 12

1.3 Adaptable
Create content that can be presented in different ways (for example simpler layout) without losing information or structure.
1.3.1 to 1.3.6

Question 13

1.3.1

Answer 13

1.3.1 Info and Relationships (Level A)
Information, structure, and relationships conveyed through presentation can be programmatically determined or are available in text.

Question 14

1.3.2

Answer 14

1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence (Level A)
When the sequence in which content is presented affects its meaning, a correct reading sequence can be programmatically determined.

Question 15

1.3.3

Answer 15

1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics (Level A)
Instructions provided for understanding and operating content do not rely solely on sensory characteristics of components such as shape, color, size, visual location, orientation, or sound.

Question 16

1.3.4

Answer 16

1.3.4 Orientation (Level AA)
Content does not restrict its view and operation to a single display orientation, such as portrait or landscape, unless a specific display orientation is essential.

Note: Examples where a particular display orientation may be essential are a bank check, a piano application, slides for a projector or television, or virtual reality content where content is not necessarily restricted to landscape or portrait display orientation.

Question 17

1.3.5

Answer 17

1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose (Level AA)
The purpose of each input field collecting information about the user can be programmatically determined when:

The input field serves a purpose identified in the Input Purposes for user interface components section; and
The content is implemented using technologies with support for identifying the expected meaning for form input data.

Question 18

1.3.6

Answer 18

1.3.6 Identify Purpose (Level AAA)
In content implemented using markup languages, the purpose of user interface components, icons, and regions can be programmatically determined.

Question 19

1.4

Answer 19

1.4 Distinguishable
Make it easier for users to see and hear content including separating foreground from background.
1.4.1 to 1.4.9

Question 20

1.4.1

Answer 20

1.4.1 Use of Color (Level A)
Color is not used as the only visual means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.

Question 21

1.4.3

Answer 21

1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum) (Level AA)
The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1, except for the following:

Large Text
Large-scale text and images of large-scale text have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1;

Incidental
Text or images of text that are part of an inactive user interface component, that are pure decoration, that are not visible to anyone, or that are part of a picture that contains significant other visual content, have no contrast requirement.

Logotypes
Text that is part of a logo or brand name has no contrast requirement.

Question 22

1.4.2

Answer 22

1.4.2 Audio Control (Level A)
If any audio on a Web page plays automatically for more than 3 seconds, either a mechanism is available to pause or stop the audio, or a mechanism is available to control audio volume independently from the overall system volume level.

Note: Since any content that does not meet this success criterion can interfere with a user’s ability to use the whole page, all content on the Web page (whether or not it is used to meet other success criteria) must meet this success criterion. See Conformance Requirement 5: Non-Interference.

Question 23

1.4.4

Answer 23

1.4.4 Resize Text (Level AA)
Except for captions and images of text, text can be resized without assistive technology up to 200 percent without loss of content or functionality.

Question 24

1.4.5

Answer 24

1.4.5 Images of Text (Level AA)
If the technologies being used can achieve the visual presentation, text is used to convey information rather than images of text except for the following:

Customizable
The image of text can be visually customized to the user’s requirements;

Essential
A particular presentation of text is essential to the information being conveyed.

Note: Logotypes (text that is part of a logo or brand name) are considered essential.

Question 25

1.4.6

Answer 25

1.4.6 Contrast (Enhanced) (Level AAA)
The visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 7:1, except for the following:

Large Text
Large-scale text and images of large-scale text have a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1;

Incidental
Text or images of text that are part of an inactive user interface component, that are pure decoration, that are not visible to anyone, or that are part of a picture that contains significant other visual content, have no contrast requirement.

Logotypes
Text that is part of a logo or brand name has no contrast requirement.

Question 26

1.4.7

Answer 26

1.4.7 Low or No Background Audio (Level AAA)
For prerecorded audio-only content that (1) contains primarily speech in the foreground, (2) is not an audio CAPTCHA or audio logo, and (3) is not vocalization intended to be primarily musical expression such as singing or rapping, at least one of the following is true:

No Background
The audio does not contain background sounds.

Turn Off
The background sounds can be turned off.

20 dB
The background sounds are at least 20 decibels lower than the foreground speech content, with the exception of occasional sounds that last for only one or two seconds.

Note
Per the definition of “decibel,” background sound that meets this requirement will be approximately four times quieter than the foreground speech content.

Question 27

1.4.8

Answer 27

1.4.8 Visual Presentation (Level AAA)
For the visual presentation of blocks of text, a mechanism is available to achieve the following:

Foreground and background colors can be selected by the user.
Width is no more than 80 characters or glyphs (40 if CJK).
Text is not justified (aligned to both the left and the right margins).
Line spacing (leading) is at least space-and-a-half within paragraphs, and paragraph spacing is at least 1.5 times larger than the line spacing.
Text can be resized without assistive technology up to 200 percent in a way that does not require the user to scroll horizontally to read a line of text on a full-screen window.

Note 1 - Content is not required to use these values. The requirement is that a mechanism is available for users to change these presentation aspects. The mechanism can be provided by the browser or other user agent. Content is not required to provide the mechanism.

Note 2 - Writing systems for some languages use different presentation aspects to improve readability and legibility. If a presentation aspect in this success criterion is not used in a writing system, content in that writing system does not need to use that presentation setting and can conform without it. Authors are encouraged to follow guidance for improving readability and legibility of text in their writing system.

Question 28

1.4.9

Answer 28

1.4.9 Images of Text (No Exception) (Level AAA)
Images of text are only used for pure decoration or where a particular presentation of text is essential to the information being conveyed.

Note
Logotypes (text that is part of a logo or brand name) are considered essential.

Question 29

1.4.10

Answer 29

1.4.10 Reflow (Level AA)
Content can be presented without loss of information or functionality, and without requiring scrolling in two dimensions for:

Vertical scrolling content at a width equivalent to 320 CSS pixels;
Horizontal scrolling content at a height equivalent to 256 CSS pixels.
Except for parts of the content which require two-dimensional layout for usage or meaning.

Note 1 - 320 CSS pixels is equivalent to a starting viewport width of 1280 CSS pixels wide at 400% zoom. For web content which is designed to scroll horizontally (e.g., with vertical text), 256 CSS pixels is equivalent to a starting viewport height of 1024 CSS pixels at 400% zoom.

Note 2 - Examples of content which requires two-dimensional layout are images required for understanding (such as maps and diagrams), video, games, presentations, data tables (not individual cells), and interfaces where it is necessary to keep toolbars in view while manipulating content. It is acceptable to provide two-dimensional scrolling for such parts of the content.

Question 30

1.4.11

Answer 30

1.4.11 Non-text Contrast (Level AA)
The visual presentation of the following have a contrast ratio of at least 3:1 against adjacent color(s):

User Interface Components
Visual information required to identify user interface components and states, except for inactive components or where the appearance of the component is determined by the user agent and not modified by the author;

Graphical Objects
Parts of graphics required to understand the content, except when a particular presentation of graphics is essential to the information being conveyed.

Question 31

1.4.12

Answer 31

1.4.12 Text Spacing (Level AA)
In content implemented using markup languages that support the following text style properties, no loss of content or functionality occurs by setting all of the following and by changing no other style property:

Line height (line spacing) to at least 1.5 times the font size;
Spacing following paragraphs to at least 2 times the font size;
Letter spacing (tracking) to at least 0.12 times the font size;
Word spacing to at least 0.16 times the font size.
Exception: Human languages and scripts that do not make use of one or more of these text style properties in written text can conform using only the properties that exist for that combination of language and script.

Note 1 - Content is not required to use these text spacing values. The requirement is to ensure that when a user overrides the authored text spacing, content or functionality is not lost.

Note 2 - Writing systems for some languages use different text spacing settings, such as paragraph start indent. Authors are encouraged to follow locally available guidance for improving readability and legibility of text in their writing system.

Question 32

1.4.13

Answer 32

1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus (Level AA)
Where receiving and then removing pointer hover or keyboard focus triggers additional content to become visible and then hidden, the following are true:

Dismissible
A mechanism is available to dismiss the additional content without moving pointer hover or keyboard focus, unless the additional content communicates an input error or does not obscure or replace other content;

Hoverable
If pointer hover can trigger the additional content, then the pointer can be moved over the additional content without the additional content disappearing;

Persistent
The additional content remains visible until the hover or focus trigger is removed, the user dismisses it, or its information is no longer valid.

Exception: The visual presentation of the additional content is controlled by the user agent and is not modified by the author. Example: user agent browser tool tip is excluded but custom tooltips, sub-menus, non-modal popups that display on hover & focus are included.

Note 3 - This criterion applies to content that appears in addition to the triggering component itself. Since hidden components that are made visible on keyboard focus (such as links used to skip to another part of a page) do not present additional content they are not covered by this criterion.

Question 33

1

Answer 33

1. Perceivable
   Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive.
   - 1.1 Text Alternative - 1A
   - 1.2 Time-based Media - 3A, 2AA, 4AAA
   - 1.3 Adaptable - 3A, 2AA, 1AAA
   - 1.4 Distinguishable - 2A, 7AA, 4AAA