WBC's Flashcards
Myelocytic Maturation Series
Myeloblast Promyelocyte Myelocyte Metamyelocyte Band Neutrophil Segmented Neutrophil
CSF-G
stimulates neutrophils
CSF-GM
stimulates to produce granulocytes & monocytes
Granulocytes become Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils
Monocytes become macrophages
White blood cell count (WBC)
Quantitative assessment only
Normal (4,000 – 12,000/µL)
Differential leukocyte count (Diff)
Segmented neutrophils (PMNs) 50-70% Banded neutrophils (bands) 0-5% Lymphocytes 20-40% Monocytes 0-7% Eosinophils 0-5% Basophils 0-1%
Hyposegmentation
Neutrophils with fewer than three nuclear lobes.
The nucleus may be round, peanut-shaped, band-shaped or bi-lobed.
Abnormal nuclear lobe development
Chromatin structure often appears more mature than normal.
Toxic granulation
Found in severe inflammatory states (sepsis).
The toxic granulation is thought to be due to impaired cytoplasmic maturation,in the effort to rapidly generate large numbers of granulocytes.
Hypersegmentation
Abnormally increased nuclear lobulation
seen in megaloblastic process, B12 and Folate deficiency or iron deficiency anemia.
Normal mature circulating neutrophils have an average of 3 lobes and always fewer than 5 lobes.
Eosinophils have fewer than 4 lobes and basophils have fewer than 3 lobes.
Vacuolization
State of filled with vacuoles
An aid in the diagnosis of septicemia
Septicemia (a systemic disease caused by multiplication of microorganisms in circulating blood; formerly called “blood poisoning”)
Quantitative or macro changes
alterations in numbers of cells
Absolute
Relative (%)
Qualitative or micro changes
alterations in cell morphology
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Left shift
Increased number of immature neutrophils (band forms)
Suggests acute inflammation
Dohle bodies
Appear as single or multiple light blue or gray staining areas in the cytoplasm of a neutrophil.
Rough endoplasmic reticulum containing ribonucleic acid (RNA)
May represent localized failure of the cytoplasm to mature.
Found in infections, poisoning, burns, pregnancy and chemotherapy.
Sky Blue Inclusions.
Monocytes
Exit blood (diapedesis) to become macrophages
Phagocytic = defend against viruses and bacteria (vacum cleaner)
Monocytosis
Hematologic disorders :Leukemia, Lymphoma Infections: TB, SBE FUO Gastrointestinal disorders Collagen vascular disorders
