WBC Pathology Flashcards
Why are neonates prone to sepsis?
Defective B-cell response against polysaccharide agents and abnormal cytokine release by neutrophils and monocytes
*Neutrophils not accurate index of infection - band count used primarily
At what hemoglobin level does EPO increase?
below 10 gm/dL
*increases logarithmically
What is the composition of blood?
55% plasma
45% cellular components (RBC and buffy coat)
What is the absolute criterion of malignancy?
Metastasis
Where do MOST lymphocytes enter lymph nodes?
High endothelial venules (HEVs)
What is the most common cancer of children?
ALL
- B-ALL peaks around age 3
- T-ALL peaks in adolescence
ALL
abrupt onset - within days to weeks of first sx
sx related to depression of BM - fatigue due to anemia, fever secondary to neutropenia and bleeding due to thrombocytopenia
mass effects caused by neoplastic infiltration - bone pain, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, testicular enlargement, and mediastinal compression (T-ALL)
CNS manifestations - headache, vomiting, and nerve palsy
Burkitt lymphoma
Germinal center B cell is origin
aggressive
extranodal masses in adults
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Germinal or post-germinal center B cell is origin
Adults
Aggressive, rapidly growing mass (70% nodal)
Waldeyer ring frequently involved
Extranodal sites common
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma
Memory B cell is origin
Arises in extranodal sites in adults with chronic inflammatory disease
Follicular lymphoma
Germinal center B cell is origin
older adults
generalized lymphadenopathy and marrow involvement
Hairy cell leukemia
Memory B cell is origin older white males pancytopenia and splenomegaly increased atypical mycobacterial infections BM aspiration difficult = "dry tap"
Mantle cell lymphoma
Naive B cell is origin
older males with disseminated disease
painless lymphadenopathy most common sx
other systems involved: BM, liver, spleen and GI
Multiple myeloma
Post-germinal-center BM plasma cell is origin
Older adults with lytic bone disease
hyperCalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia and Bone lesions (CRAB)
recurrent bacterial infections due to abnormal Ig production
Bence-Jones proteins in urine and increased Igs in the blood
CLL
Naive B cell or memory B cell is origin
Older adults with BM, lymph node, spleen or liver disease
Autoimmune hemolysis and thrombocytopenia