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SP 16 - Path Test 2 > WBC Disorders > Flashcards

WBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Which cells are effected in Hodgkin Lymphoma?

A

Reed-Sternberg Cells

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2
Q

Reed-Sternberg Cells

A

A distinctive large cell with mirror image nuclei and prominent nucleoli
There’s usually a couple in a lymph node
Arise from specialized antigen-presenting cells

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3
Q

Clinical Presentation of Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Seen in young adults (

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4
Q

How do you diagnose Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Lymph node biopsy is necessary

Have to identify Reed-Sternberg cells in an appropriate background

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5
Q

Stage I Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Tumor is in one anatomic region or 2 neighboring anatomic regions on the same side of the diaphragm

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6
Q

Stage II Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Tumor is in more than 2 anatomic regions or 2 non-neighboring anatomic regions on the same side of the diaphragm

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7
Q

Stage III Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Tumor is on both sides of the diaphragm

They do not extend beyond the lymph nodes, spleen, or Waldeyer’s ring

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8
Q

Stage IV Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Tumors are in the bone marrow, lung, etc

Basically anywhere outside the lymph nodes, spleen, or Waldeyer’s ring

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9
Q

All stages of Lymphoma are divided further based on what?

A

a) Absence of systemic symptoms
b) Presence of systemic symptoms

B-symptoms include fever, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss
They worsen prognosis

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10
Q

Treatment of Low stage Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Chemotherapy and Radiaiton

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11
Q

Treatment of High stage Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Chemotherapy

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12
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Neoplastic Lymphocytes originating in lymph nodes or extranodal lymph tissue

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13
Q

What cells do Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma typically effect

A

Mostly B-cells (85%)

Can be T-cells (15%)

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14
Q

Clinical Features of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Incidence steadily rises after the age of 40
Painless lymph node enlargement
Systemic symptoms in 30% of patients
Splenomegaly
Disease may spread to GI tract, bones, CNS

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15
Q

Stage I Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Involves a single lymph node region or extralymphatic site

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16
Q

Stage II Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Involves 2+ lymph nodes regions on the same side of the diaphragm

17
Q

Stage III Non-hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Involves lymphatic node regions on both sides of the diaphragm

18
Q

Stage IV Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

Multiple or disseminated foci of involvement of one or more extra-lymphatic organs or tissues with or without lymphatic involvement

19
Q

Acute Leukemia

A

Rapid onset with blasts in the blood (immature cells)
Myeloid and lymphoid cells are effected
Rapidly fatal
Mostly blast cells are circulating
WBC count is increased
20% of bone marrow is made up of blasts (increased)

20
Q

Chronic Leukemia

A 
Slow onset
Tends to involve more mature cells
Myeloid and Lymphoid cells are effected
WBC count is increased
Blast cells are not increased in bone marrow
21
Q

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

A

Clonal growth of primitive lymphoid cells
Increased WBC count is often accompanied by thrombocytopenia
Most common in children - the most frequent cancer in those under 15 yo (can occur at any age)
Children have good prognosis
Adults have bad prognosis
Lymphadenopathy and Splenomegaly may occur

22
Q

What is the prognosis of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia based on?

A

Cytogenetics

23
Q

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treatment

A

Chemotherapy is the primary treatment

Bone marrow transplant is considered in a relapse

24
Q

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

A

Clonal proiliferation of primitive myeloid cell
More common in adults
Increased WBC count is accompanied by anemia and thrombocytopenia
Myeloperoxidase is present in the cytoplasm
Sometimes lesional cells will proliferate in the soft tissue - can cause gingival enlargement
70% of patients have remission

25
Q

What is the therapy of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia?

A

Chemotherapy

26
Q

Multiple Myeloma

A

Clonal proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells

Only one immunoglobulin is produced in neoplastic cells - usually IgG

27
Q

How can you diagnose Acute Myelogenous Leukemia?

A

Cytoplasmic inclusion of Auer rods are diagnostic.

SP 16 - Path Test 2 (5 decks)

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