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SP15 - Path 2 > WBC Disorders > Flashcards

WBC Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphoma

A

Hodgkin & Non-Hodgkin
Malignant proliferation of lymphoid tissue
May spread to solid tissue, BM, blood

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2
Q

Leukemia

A

Acute & Chronic
Myeloid & Lymphoid
Malignant proliferation of BM spilling into blood
May spread to solid tissue (typically liver & spleen)

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3
Q

Main cell involved in Hodgkin lymphoma

A

Reed-sternberg cell

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4
Q

Where does Hodgkin lymphoma arise?

A

In lymph node

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5
Q

Is Hodgkin lymphoma curable?

A

Yes, highly

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6
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (ages affected, occurance)

A

15-30, >50 y.o.

9,000 cases/yr

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7
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (symptoms, diagnosis)

A

Painless lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly

Biopsy to find RS cells (owl-eye nuclei), Ebstein-Barr virus often present

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8
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (spread)

A

Lymph nodes – spleen – liver – BM

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9
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (staging)

A

I - Tumor in 1 or 2 sites ipsilateral to diaphragm
II - >2 tumors ipsilateral to diaphragm
III - Tumor on both sides of diaphragm in lymph node, spleen, or Waldeyer’s ring
IV - Tumor in any other organ site (lung, BM)

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10
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (survival rate)

A

Stage I or II = 100% 5 yr survival

Stage IV = 50% 5 yr survival

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11
Q

“B” signs/symptoms

A

Seen in stage III & IV Hodgkin lymphoma and 30% of NHL px

Fever, weight loss, night sweats

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12
Q

Hodgkin lymphoma (Tx)

A

High stage - Chemotherapy

Low stage - Chemotherapy & Radiotherapy

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13
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (ages affected, occurance)

A

Higher risk > 40 y.o.

71,000 cases/yr

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14
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (origin)

A

30% arise extranodally

85% are of B cell origin

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15
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (symptoms)

A 
Painless LN enlargement
B symptoms in 30%
Freq. immune abnormalities
Splenomegaly
May involve GI, bones, CNS
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16
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (classification)

A

Growth pattern - Nodular (better) vs Diffuse (worse)

Cell size - Small (better) vs Large (worse)

17
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (staging)

A

Exception to rule

Prognosis based more on subtype than stage

18
Q

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (Tx)

A

Chemotherapy
Radiation if very localized
BM transplant

19
Q

Forms of leukemia

A

ALL
AML
CLL
CML

20
Q

Acute leukemia (features)

A 
Rapidly fatal
Suvival = months
Mostly blasts
Typically inc. WBC
BM >20% blasts
21
Q

Chronic leukemia (features)

A 
Indolent
Survival = years
Mostly mature cells
Typically inc. WBC
BM blasts usually not inc.
22
Q

ALL (age, major cell type)

A

<15 y.o.

Primitive lymphoid cells

23
Q

ALL (features, tx, prognosis)

A

Both B & T types
Thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly
Chemotherapy (BM tranplant if relapse)
Children good prognosis, adults bad

24
Q

AML (age, major cell type)

A

Adults
Primitive myeloid cells
AUER RODS

25
Q

AML (features, tx, prognosis)

A

Swollen interdental papillae, inc. WBC, anemia, thrombocytopenia
Chemotherapy
70% px remission, but many relapse

26
Q

CLL (age, major cell type)

A 
>60 y.o.
Mature lymphocytes (typically B)
27
Q

CLL (features, tx, prognosis)

A

Inc. WBC, anemia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy
Chemotherapy
All cases eventually terminate to higher grade leukemia or lymphoma

28
Q

CML (age, major cell type)

A

?

Immature granulocytes

29
Q

CML (features, tx, prognosis)

A

Assoc. w/ Philadelphia chrom t(9;22)
Inc. WBC, anemia, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly
Chemotherapy targeting bcr-abl tyrosine kinase (fused molecules) - (BM transplant is used in relapse)

30
Q

Plasmocytoma

A

Multiple myeloma that occurs in a single site

31
Q

Multiple myeloma (age, major cell type)

A

Affects middle age-elderly

Monoclonal plasma cells (Terminally diff. B cells)

32
Q

Types of plasma cell proliferations

A

Polyclonal (reactive) - Kappa AND Lambda chains

Monoclonal (multiple myeloma) - Kappa OR Lambda chains

33
Q

Multiple myeloma (features)

A

Multiple lytics bone lesions w/ hypercalcemia
Bence-Jones proteinuria
Renal failure, infections

34
Q

Multiple myeloma (tx, prognosis)

A

Chemotherapy, BM transplant, Radiotherapy, Anti-resorptive tx
Variable, but usually 5-6 yr survival

SP15 - Path 2 (3 decks)

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