Wbc Count Flashcards
Relative count for Nuetrophilic band
0-6 %
Relative count for Nuetrophilic Segmented
37-71%
Relative count for lymphocyte
24-44%
Relative count for monocyte
1-10%
Relative count for eosinophil
0-4%
Relative count for basophil
0-2%
Absolute count for neutrophilic band
0.0-0.7 x 10^9
Absolute count for nuetrophilic segmenter
1.5-7.4 x10^9/L
Absolute count for lymphocyte
1.0-4.4 x10^9/L
Absolute count for monocyte
0.1-1.0 x10 ^9/L
Absolute count for eosinophil
0.0-0.4 x 10^9/L
Absolute count for basophil
0.0-0.2 x10^9/L
Common diseases of Neutrophilia
Appendicitis
Bacterial infections Meningitis
Tonsillitis
Myelogenous leukemia
Common diseases of basophilia
Irradiation
Polycythemia vera
Splenectomy
Hemolytic anemia
Common disease of Lymphocytosis
Viral infections
Whooping cough
IM
Lymphocytic leukemia
Common disease for monocytosis
Brucellosis
Tuberculosis
Subacute bacterial
endocarditis
Typhus fever
Collagen disease
Hodgkin’s disease
Gaucher’s disease
Monocytic leukemia
Rickettsial infections
Common disease for eosinophilia
Allergies
Scarlet fever
Parasitic infections
Eosinophilic leukemia
can be estimated by comparing the cell to a red blood cell
cell size
take note of shape, size, structure, and color
nuclear characteristics
check for the amount and type of inclusions
cytoplasmic characteristics
Most commonly employed counting methods used in manual differential coun
Cross-sectional or crenellation method
There are several counting methods used in manual differential count, which include:
- Cross-sectional or crenellation method – most commonly employed
- Longitudinal or strip method
- Battlement method
- Meander method (two-field or four-field)
used for white cell count destroy or hemolyze all non-nucleated red blood cells.
diluting fluids
These cells, because they contain a nucleus, cannot be distinguished from the white blood cells.
nucleated red blood cells (NRBC)
Corrected WBC formula
Corrected WBC= Uncorrected / 100+ Number of NRBC per 100 wbc x 100
function to protect the body against invasion by foreign organisms or antigens. I
Leukocytes
Diluting fluid of WBC
3% Acetic acid
Buffer solution of WBC
Aged Distilled water
Washing time is too long
slides that are too pink
Staining time is too short
Too pink
pH of stain is too low
Too pink
buffers too acidic
Too pink
Staining time is too long
Slides that are too blue
Burffering and/or washing time is too short
Slides that are too blue
pH stain is too high
Slides that are too blue
Buffer is too alkaline/basic
Slides that are too blue
stains most commonly used for the routine microscopic examination of blood are
Polychromatic stain
Basic dye that gives blue color
Methylene blue
Acidic dye that gives a red-orange color
Eosin
Methyl alcohol (methanol)
Fixative
Carefully place a small drop of blood at approximately
1 cm
Angle of smear preparation
30- to 45-degree angle
Causes of Extremely thick smears
Too large drop of blood
Too fast in spreading
Too high angle of the speader slide
Excess plasma causes nucleated cells to shrink and stain intensely, making identification difficult.
Extremely thick smear
Red cells form more rouleaux in thick areas and cannot be evaluated
Extremely thick smear
Causes of Extremely thin smears
Too small drop of blood
Too slow in spreading
Too low angle of the spreader slide
Smudge cells are increased and red cells become artificially spheroid with a distorted shape.
Extremely thin smears
There is a tendency for more nucleated cells to be carried out to the edges of smears that have been made with too slow a stroke and this affects the accuracy of the differential count
Extremely thin smears
Causes Gritty appearance of feathered areas (tail
Accumulation of nucleated cells
Accumulation of leukocytes at the tail end
Using only a part of the drop of blood
Rough edge or dirty spreader slide
Attributable to a large number of leukocytes in the sample
Accumulation of nucleated cells
May be seen when using heparin
Accumulation of leukocytes at the tail end
peripheral smear evaluation is the capstone on a panel of test
CBC or hemogra,
Thoma pipet mark WBC
0.5
Draw the diluting fluid into the pipet slowly until the mixture reaches the
11
How many Wbc tertiary squares
16
Rbc tertiary squares
25 center
Monocytes and lymphocytes are
Agranulocytes
What are the mature granulocytes
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Basophil
These three cell lines are distinguishable from each other by the presence of specific granules that appear in the on what stage?
Myelocyte stage
Leukocytes can be classified into two groups depending on the presence (or absence) of
Cytoplasmic granules
leukocytes possessing specific granules in their cytoplasm
Granulocytes
Do not possess uch granules
Agranulocytes
The monocyte arises from the same bipotential stem cell as the neutrophil
CFU-GM
The precursor to the monocyte
Monoblast
Unlike the other white blood cells in the peripheral blood, it is considered to be immature cell
Monocyte
Lymphocytes are produced by the
Lymph nodes
Spleen
Thymus
Bone marrow
The lymphocytic series is composed of the
Lymphoblast
Prolymphocyte
Mature lymphocyte
vital to the immune system and function in the production of circulating antibodies and in the expression of cellular immunity.
Lymphocytes
Smear that is most convenient, and most commonly used method, recommend by CLSI for WBC differential counting
Wedge smear
angle of the spreader must be lower to 250
Polyctemia vera (increased Hct)
angle of the spread must be higher
Anemia (decreased Hct)
CHARACTERISTIC OF AN IDEAL BLOOD SMEAR (Wedge method)
2/3 to 3⁄4 the length of the film slide
Finger-shaped
For best results, blood smears should be stained
2 to 3 hours of specimen collection
Indicator of the average/mean volume of RBCs.
Mean cell volume
Mcv formula
MCV = Hctx10/Rbc count
Reference range of mcv
80-100 fL
Indicator of the average weight of hemoglobin and RBCcount
MCH
MCH FORMULA
MCH= 𝐻𝐸𝑀𝑂𝐺𝐿𝑂𝐵𝐼𝑁(𝑔/𝑑𝑙) 𝑥10/ RBC COUNT
It is a measure of the average concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit values
MCHC
MCHC FORMULA
MCHC = 𝐻𝐸𝑀𝑂𝐺𝐿𝑂𝐵𝐼𝑁(𝑔/𝑑𝑙) 𝑥100 /𝐻𝐸𝑀𝐴𝑇𝑂𝐶𝑅𝐼𝑇 (%)
RR OF MCHC
3w-36g/dL
RR OF MCH
26-32 pg
RBC indices that express the mass of hemoglobin
MCH
RBC indices that reflects RBC Diameter in blood
MCV
Fourt rbc indices
RDW
Asses the degree of anisocytosis
RDW
Used in conjunction with MCV to classify anemia
RDW