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Hematology > WBC anomalies > Flashcards

WBC anomalies Flashcards

1
Q

NUCLEAR ABNORMALITIES

A

Hyposegmentation
Hypersegmentation
Barr Body (Sex chromatin)

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2
Q

CYTOPLASMIC ABNORMALITIES

A

Alder Reilly Bodies
Auer Bodies
Chediak-Higashi Granules
Dohle Bodies
Toxic Granules
Toxic Vacuoles

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3
Q

ABNORMALITIES OF CELLS EXHIBITING PHAGOCYTOSIS

A

LE cells
Tart cells

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4
Q

Functional Abnormalities

A

Job Syndrome
Lazy Leukocytes Syndrome
Leukocyte Adhesion Disorder I
LAD II
LAD III

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5
Q

ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHOCYTES

A

Atypical Lymphocytes
Basket Cell/ Smudge Cell
Hairy Cell
Sezary cell

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6
Q

ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH PLASMA CELLS

A

Flame Cell
Russel bodies
Grape cell
Dutcher’s Bodies

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7
Q

MONOCYTE/MACROPHAGE LYSOSOMAL STORAGE DISORDERS

A

Lipid Storage Diseases
Mucopolysaccharidosis

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8
Q

Lipid Storage Diseases

A

Gaucher Ds
Niemman-Pick Ds
Fabry Ds
Tay-Sachs Ds
Sandhoff Ds
Sea Blue Histocytes

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9
Q

Mucopolysaccharidosis

A

MPS I SEVERE
MPS I ATTENUATED
MPS II SEVERE
MPS III
MPS IV

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10
Q

BA of neutrophils, bilobed nuclei, dumbbell shaped/pince-nez
DA: I: Pelger-Huet Anomaly (Autosomal Disorder)
A:Pseudo Pelger-Huet Anomaly (Myelofibrosis)

A

Hyposegmentation

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11
Q

Abnormality in the mat. of N, abn in DNA synthesis
6 or more lobed nucleus
DA: I Undrits Anomaly
A: Megaloblastic Anemia

A

Hypersegmentation

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12
Q

Appendage represents the second X
chromosome in females (may be seen in
2-3% of neutrophils in females)
* NOT FOUND IN NORMAL MALE
* Small, well-defined, round projection of
nuclear chromatin that is connected to
the nucleus of the neutrophil by a single,
fine strand of chromatin

A

Barr Body

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13
Q

Large purple-black coarse cytoplasmic
granules
Accumulations of degraded
mucopolysaccharides
May resemble toxic granules, Cetyl
Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB):
used for differentiation → Turbidity
indicative of Alder Reilly bodies
DA:
* Alder-Reilly Anomaly (autosomal
recessive)
* Mucopolysaccharidoses
* Hurler’s syndrome
* Hunter’s syndrome

A

Alder Reilly Bodies

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14
Q
  • Pink or red rod-shaped
  • Formed from the fusion of primary
    granules
  • Normally found in the younger myeloid
    precursors → peroxidase positive
    DA:
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  • Acute myelomonocytic leukemia
    (AMML)
A

Auer Rods

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15
Q
  • Giant red, blue to grayish round inclusions
  • Deficient in enzymes for phagocytosis
  • Seen in lymphocytes, neutrophil, and
    monocyte
  • Peroxidase and Sudan Black B positive
    DA: CH- Syndrome
A

Chediak-Higashi Granules

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16
Q
  • Amato bodies
  • Single or multiple blue cytoplasmic
    inclusions in the neutrophil that are
    aggregates of free ribosomes or RER
  • Often confused with May-Hegglin
    anomaly (the leukocyte inclusions in MayHegglin anomaly are composed of
    precipitated myosin chains)

DA: SI, TS,B

A

Dohle Bodies

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17
Q
  • Large purple to black azurophilic granules
    thought to be primary granules → shows
    increased ALP activity
  • Often present with Dohle bodies and toxic
    vacuoles
    DA: I,TS,B,M,CP
A

Toxic Granules

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18
Q
  • Large empty white areas within cytoplasm
    that represents end-stage phagocytosis
    DA: S,SI,TS
A

Toxic Vacuoles

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19
Q
  • A neutrophil with large purple
    homogenous round inclusions with nucleus
    wrapped around
  • Appear smooth and evenly stained
    DA: Lupus erythematous
A

LE cells

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20
Q
  • A monocyte with ingested lymphocyte
  • Appears rough and unevenly stained
A

Tart Cell

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21
Q

Neutrophils exhibit normal random activity (chemokinesis) but abnormal directional activity
(chemotaxis)

A

JOB SYNDROME

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22
Q

Random locomotion

A

Chemokinesis

23
Q

directed locomotion brought about by CHEMOTAXINS (chemotactic factors such as
endotoxins and other bacterial products, cytokines, and lymphokines)

A

Chemotaxis

24
Q

locomotion through unruptured walls of the blood vessels

A

Diapedesis

25
Q

Neutrophils have abnormal random and directional activity

A

Lazy Leukocytes Syndrome

26
Q

Caused by decreased or truncated 𝜷2 integrin, needed for neutrophil adhesion to endothelial
cells and recognition of bacteria that leads to:
o Recurrent infections
o Neutrophilia
o Lymphadenopathy
o Splenomegaly
o Skin lesions

A

LEUKOCYTE ADHESION DISORDER-I (LAD-I)

27
Q

Caused by decreased amount or function of selectin ligands and defective leukocyte
recruitment
* Clinical findings
o Physical growth retardation
o Coarse face and/or other physical deformities
o Neurological defects
o Recurring infections
o Absent blood group H antigen

A

LAD II

28
Q

Caused by defective protein Kindlin-3, needed for 𝜷 integrin activation and leukocyte rolling
* Failed response to external signals that would normally result in leukocyte activation
* Clinical findings:
o Recurrent bacterial and fungal infections (less severe than LAD-I)
o Decreased platelet GPIIbβ3 leading to bleeding

A

LAD III

29
Q

Reactive lymphocytes/ variant
lymphocytes/ transformed lymphocytes/
leukocytoid lymphocytes
* DOWNY CELLS (classification by Dr. Hal
Downey)
TYPE I,II,III

A

Atypical Lymphocytes

30
Q
  • Turk’s irritation cells/Plasmacytoid
    lymphocytes
  • Characterized with a large block of
    chromatin
A

T I

31
Q
  • IM cell
  • Characterized by a round mass of
    chromatin
  • BALLERINA SKIRT appearance
  • Seen in Infectious Mononucleosis
  • Causative agent: Epstein-Barr virus
  • Characterized by lymphocytosis often
    mistaken as monocytosis (hence the
    name mononucleosis)
  • The atypical lymphocytes are T
    lymphocytes reacting to EBC-infected B
    lymphocytes
A

T II

32
Q
  • Vacuolated
  • “Swiss cheese” appearance
  • “Moth-eaten” appearance
A

T III

33
Q
  • White blood cells that have degenerated
    nucleus or ruptured cell in form of smudge
    or basket
    DA: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
A

Basket/Smudge Cell

34
Q
  • B lymphocytes with hair like cytoplasmic
    projections surrounding the nucleus
  • Stain positive with tartrate resistant acid
    phosphatase (TRAP)
    DA: * Hairy cell leukemia (associated with
    Human T-lymphotropic virus Type II)
A

Hairy Cell

35
Q
  • Lymphocytes with T cell characteristics
    with nucleus that is grooved and have
    brain-like convolutions (“cerebri” form)
    DA: * Sezary syndrome (leukemic phase)
  • Mycosis fungoides (leukemic phase)
  • Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
A

SEZARY CELL

36
Q
  • Plasma cell with red to pink cytoplasm
    associated with increase in
    immunoglobulin (IgA)
    DA: * Multiple myeloma
A

Flame Cell

37
Q

Individual globules of immunoglobulins
seen in plasma cells

A

Russel Bodies

38
Q
  • Plasma cells that contains vacuoles and
    large protein globules (appearing like
    grapes)
    DA: * Multiple myeloma
  • Reactive states
A

Grape/Berry/Morula/Mott Cell

39
Q
  • Intranuclear protein inclusions
A

DUTCHER’S BODIES

40
Q

DE: 𝛽-glucocerebrosidase
Accumulation of: Glucocerebroside
MA: * Wrinkled/clumped cytoplasm
* “Cat-scratch” cytoplasm
Others: Clinical triad used in the diagnosis:
* Hepatomegaly
* Gaucher cells in BM
* Increased serum phosphate

A

GAUCHER DISEASE

41
Q

DE:Sphingomyelinase
Ao:Sphingomyelin
MA:* Foamy cytoplasm

A

Niemann-Pick Ds

42
Q

DE:a-galactosidase
Ao:Ceramide trihexose

A

Fabry DS

43
Q

DE:Hexosaminidase A
Ao:GM2 ganglioside
MA:* Vacuolated cytoplasm

A

TAY-SACHS DISEASE

44
Q

MA: Blue Green Cytoplasm

A

Sea Blue Histocytes

45
Q

DE:Rodak:
Hexosaminidase A
Hexosaminidase A & B
Ao:Glycolipid
Ganglioside
MA:* Vacuolated cytoplasm

A

SANDHOFF DISEASE

46
Q

Name:Hurler Syndrome
Ao:a-I-iduronidase
MA:* Dermatan sulfate
* Heparan sulfate

A

MPS-I SEVERE

47
Q

Name:Scheie Syndrome
DE:a-I-iduronidase
AS:* Dermatan sulfate
* Heparan sulfate

A

MPS-I ATTENUATED

48
Q

Name:Hunter’s syndrome
DE: Iduronate sulfatase
AS:* Dermatan sulfate
* Heparan sulfate

A

MPS-II SEVERE

49
Q

MPS III
Name:?
DE:Heparan-N-sulfate
AS:* Heparan sulfate

A

Sanfilippo Syndrome

50
Q

MPS III
Name:?
DE:a-N-acetylglucosaminidase
AS:* Heparan sulfate

A

SS TB

51
Q

MPS III
Name:?
DE:Acetyl-coenzyme A
a-glucosaminide
N-acetyltransferase
AS:* Heparan sulfate

A

SS TC

52
Q

MPS IV
Name:?
DE:Galactose-6-sulfatase
AS:* Keratan sulfate
* Chondroitin-6-sulfate

A

Morquio Syndrome Type A

53
Q

MPS IV
Name:?
DE:𝛽-galactosidase
AS: Keratan sulfate

A

Morquio Syndrome Type B

Hematology (1 decks)

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