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Clinical Lab MCM > WBC > Flashcards

WBC Flashcards

1
Q

Eosinophills normal count per microliter

A

less than 350

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2
Q

Eosinophilia and Hypereosinophilia syndrome

A

> 500 and >1,500 that lasts for several months

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3
Q

if see increase in WBCs….

A

worsening infection

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4
Q

if see dramatic decrease

A

BM failure

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5
Q

screening test to detect WBC in urine

A

leukocyte esterase test

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6
Q

8 causes of sterile pyuria

A
  1. UTI w/in last 2 weeks or inad treated
  2. UTI atipical organisms
  3. Renal tract TB
  4. Chlamydial urethritis
  5. false neg due to comtamination
  6. stones
  7. polycystic kidneys
  8. UT cancer
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7
Q

What do we order when UTI

A

Urine culture and sensitivity

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8
Q

UTI Dx = 3 things

A

Clinical signs and Sx
Pyuria (>10 leuks)
Bacteruria

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9
Q

ASx bacteriuria

A

2 consecurtive clean-catch with same organism in quant
or
1 cath with isolation of single organism >102

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10
Q

Human Leukocyte Antigen

A

code on genes that produce MHC

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11
Q

Diseases linked to HLAs

Psoriasis

A

Diseases linked to HLAs

Psoriasis = HLA-C

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12
Q

Leukocytosis:
Lab value =
4 things =

A 
Lab value =      >11k
Leukemic neoplasia
Infection
Inflammation
Tissue Necrosis
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13
Q

Leukopenia
Lab value =
4 things

A

Leukopenia

Lab value =

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14
Q

Differential Count:

A 
Neutrophils: 55-70%
Lymph : 20-40%
Mono: 2-8%
Eosinophils: 1-4% 
Basophils: 0.5-1%
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15
Q

What do we see in an acute bacterial infection?

A

Neut ^

Lymph drop

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16
Q

Neutrophilia results from 6 states. name them

A

infection, Inflam / Tissue necrosis
Metabolic stress – DKA, preeclamp, uremia
Poisoning
Drugs: lithium, hep, Steroids, Epinephrine
Physical Stress

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17
Q

Neutropenia from 3 states

A

Typhoid fever/ Brucellosis
Viral diseases: hep/flu/rubella/mumps/rubiolla
Drugs: bactrim, Thyroid inhib, lithium, phenothiazines, TCAs

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18
Q

Basophils, what makes them increase

A

Heparin
Histamine – dialate BV
Serotonin - constricts BV

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19
Q

What makes Eosinophils increase

A

C onnective Tissue disease (churg-Strauss Vasculitis)

H elminthic

I diopathic Hyereosinophilia syndrome

N eoplasia

A llergies

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20
Q

Eosin drop?

A

Stress
Cushings
ACTH administration

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21
Q

_____ lymphocytes in a microliter of blood = lymphocytosis

What causes this?

A

3,000

Infection (viral, Pertussus, TB, Syph)
Thyrotoxicosis
Cancer
Autoimmune with chronic inflam

22
Q

5 reasons to order a WBC scan

A
  1. FUO
  2. suspected osteomylitis
  3. IBD
  4. see if mass is infected
  5. hot spots
23
Q

Major active protein

A

C reactive protein

24
Q

FUO defined

A
  1. temp greater than 38.3 multiple times
  2. more than 3 weeks illness
  3. failure to reach a dx despite 1 week of inpatient investigation
25
Q

Acute phase response Sx
CRP?
Ferritin?
Albumin?

A

somnolence, lethargy, anorexia
increase CRP, ferritin
decreased albumin

26
Q

Cell that secrete immunoglobulin

A

B cell

27
Q

Philidolphia chrom

A

CML

28
Q

Bense Jones protien in urine is comprised of

A

light chains

29
Q

hypersensitivities

A

1- Allergy
Type 2 - antigen/antiBody interaction
3- Complexes
4- Delayed

30
Q

Initial primary immune response. Chronic immunoglub?

A

IgM is produced - 1st antibody always produced. IgG is chronic

31
Q

hyperleukocytosis = leuk and myeloprolif

A

WBC > 100

32
Q

acute leukemias present with

A

hemorrhage, anemia, infection, infiltration to organs

33
Q

ALL need to rule out CNS involvement by

A

LP

34
Q

AML blasts number, and Wright-Giemsa stain

A

> 20% blasts (via BMBx) and AUER RODS

35
Q

What does FISH mean

A

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

36
Q

ALL vs AML

A

ALL + TdT and - myeloperoxidase

37
Q

T cell origin =

B cell origin =

A

CD3

19,20,22,79a

38
Q

CLL cells Dx.

Prognosis?

A

smudge cells
Best: blood and BM
Mid: lymphadenopathy and organomegaly
Worst: BM failure, (HgB

39
Q

CML

A

Blasts =

40
Q

NHL labs

HL

A

NHL = LDH and Bmicroglobulin - MIPI

ESR

41
Q

Multiple Myeloma
increased?
What order?

A

^^^^IgG, IgA, and/or light chains
Plasma cells involving more than 10% BM
M protiens = component serum concentration of at least 30
bone scan for flat bones - head, pelvis, scapula

42
Q

HIV Pt with CD4 =

A

Mycobacterium Avium complex

43
Q

HIV pt CD4 =

A

Toxoplama, cryptosporidiosis, crytococcosis

44
Q

HIV pt CD4 =

A

Histoplasmosis

45
Q

HIV pt CD4 =

A

Pnuemocystits Jirovecii (PC)

46
Q

HIV pt CD4 =

A

Coccidioidomycosis

47
Q

Diseases linked to HLAs

Ankylosing spondylitis and reactive arthritis

A

= HLA-B27

48
Q

Diseases linked to HLAs

Narcolepsy

A
  • HLADRQ and DQB1
49
Q

Diseases linked to HLAs

T1DM

A
  • DQ2 and DQ8
50
Q

Diseases linked to HLAs

MS

A

DR2

51
Q

Diseases linked to HLAs

RA -

A

DR4

52
Q

Normal Leukocyte (Total WBC) range

A

5,000-10,000

Clinical Lab MCM (3 decks)

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