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PATHOMA > WBC > Flashcards

WBC Flashcards

1
Q

marker for hematopoietic stem cells

A

CD34*

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2
Q

normal WBC range

A

5-10 K/microL

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3
Q

neutropenia : definition and causes

A

decreased neutrophils

  1. drug toxicity
  2. severe sepsis causes cells to leave blood and enter tissues
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4
Q

*how to treat neutropenia

A

GM-CSF or G-CSF

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5
Q

lymphopenia : definition and causes

A

decreased lymphocytes

  1. immunodeficiency i.e DiGeorge
  2. autoimmune i.e SLE
    • high cortisol state causes apoptosis
    • whole body radiation - these are the first to be affected w/ radiation
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6
Q

causes of neutrophilic leukocytosis

A
  1. bacterial infection or tissue necrosis

2. high cortisol state - impairs adhesion leading to decreased margination

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7
Q
  • what happens with neutrophils regarding a left shift
A

there are increased # of immature forms

** decreased Fc receptors (CD16)

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8
Q

MCC of monocytosis

A

chronic inflammation

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9
Q

MCC of eosinophilia

what interleukin is increased

A
  • Hodgkin lymphoma
    parastics
    allergic rxns

IL-5

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10
Q

MCC of basophilia

A

CML

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11
Q

causes of lymphocytic leukocytosis

A

viral infections

*bordetella pertussis

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12
Q

MCCs of IM

A

EBV>CMV

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13
Q

3 sites that are affected in IM

A
  1. pharyngitis
  2. B cells
    • hepatitis
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14
Q

*histological changes seen in IM

A

*generalized LAD in PARACORTEX and PALS

increased # of atypical lymphocytes - large nucleus with bluer cytoplasm

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15
Q

how to diagnose IM

A

monospot test-check for IgM heterophile antibodies

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16
Q

what does a negative monospot test indicate?

A

CMV!

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17
Q

major complication of IM

A
  1. splenic rupture!

2. dormancy of virus in B cells

18
Q
  • marker for lymphoblasts
A

TdT+ (DNA polymerase)

19
Q

markers for B-ALL vs T-ALL

A

B-ALL : CD10, CD19

T-ALL : CD3-8 NO CD10

20
Q

prophylaxis for B-ALL where?

A

scrotum and CSF

21
Q
  • marker for myeloblasts
A

MPO myeloperoxidase

22
Q

crystal aggregates of MPO?

A

Auer rods

23
Q

APL
cause?
tx?

A

acute promyelocytic leukemia
t(15,17) RAR
*ATRA- all trans retinoic acid

24
Q

which myeloid leukemia lacks MPO and affects the gums?

A

acute monocytic leukemia

25
Q

which myeloid leukemia lacks MPO and is associated with Down Syndrome before the age of 5?

A

acute megakaryoblastic leukemia

26
Q

which leukemia is associated with Down Syndrome after 5?

A

ALL

27
Q

MC leukemia overall

A

CLL

28
Q

describe CLL

A

chronic lymphocytic leukemia

  • expresses CD5* and CD20
  • smudge cells
29
Q

describe SLL

A

small lymphocytic lymphoma

-this is CLL that invades the lymph nodes

30
Q

MCC of death in CLL

A

infection due to hypogammaglobulenemia

31
Q

CLL/SLL has the potential to transform into which neoplasms?

A
  1. prolymphocytic transformation -
    * *2. Richter syndrome-diffuse large B-cell lymphoma–characterized by rapidly enlarging mass within a lymph node or the spleen
32
Q

MC form of indolent NHL

A

follicular lymphoma

33
Q

what is the gene mutation in follicular lymphoma?

A

t(14;18) Bcl2 translocates to the Ig heavy chain on 14 … increased Bcl2 prevents apoptosis

34
Q

which lymphoma has a t(11;14)

A

mantle cell lymphoma

35
Q

mantle cell lymphoma has an increase in which gene? which causes what?

A

cyclin D1…promotes G1/S transition in the cell cycle

36
Q

which lymphoma is associated w chronic inflammatory states?

A

marginal zone lymphoma

37
Q

marginal zone lymphoma in mucosal sites is aka?

A

MALToma – H.pylori

38
Q

virus associated with burkitt lymphoma

A

EBV

39
Q

sporadic vs endemic form - burkitt lymphoma

A

sporadic- peritoneum and ileocecum

endemic- jaw

40
Q

which gene is messed up in burkitt lymphoma

A

c-MYC

41
Q

what time of appearance is seen on microscope regarding burkitt lymphoma?

A

starry-sky

42
Q

which form of leukemia is most responsive to therapy?

A

ALL

PATHOMA (1 decks)

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