WBC Flashcards
What do WBC (leukocytes) do?
seek and destroy invading microorganisms, destroy abnormal cells (cancer), clean up cellular debris (phagocytosis), injury repair
What types of cells originate from myeloid stem cells?
platelets, RBC, granulocytes (eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils), monocytes (macrophages)
what type of blood cells don’t use GM-CSF the maturation process?
lymphocytes (B and T cells)
what type of cell production does CSF-G stimulate?
neutrophils
What are some nuclear altered cell morphologies?
Pelger-Huet, hypersegmentation
What are some cytoplasmic altered morpholigies you would see with a severe bacterial infection?
toxic granulation, vacuolization, Dohle bodies, Necrobiosis
Normal WBC count?
4,000-12,000/uL
What are the relative concentrations of the different leukocytes?
segmented neutrophils (PMNs)-50-70% bands 0-5% lymphocytes 20-40% monocytes 0-7% eosinophils 0-5% basophils 0.5%
Hypersegmentation
abnormally increased nuclear lobulation, one of the first signs of megaloblastic anemia
Hyposegmentation
neutrophils with less than 3 lobes, nucleus may be round, peanut-shaped, band shaped, or bi-lobed
Toxic granulation
found in severe inflammatory states (sepsis)
The toxic granulation is thought to be due to impaired cytoplasmic maturation,in the effort to rapidly generate large numbers of granulocytes
Vacuolization
state of being filled with vacuoles, diagnostic for septicemia (multiplication of microorganisms in the blood.
What are the 5 main types of WBC’s
lymphocyte (B and T cells) Monocyte (macrophage nom nom nom) Eosinophil Basophil Neutrophil
What are causes of acquired WBC functional disorders?
steroids, aspirin, alcohol, diabetes
Neutrophils
50-70% most abundant wbc, important in inflammatory response, phagocytes that engulf bacteria and debris
What is a left shift?
increased number of immature neutrophils (bands)
seen with acute inflammation
What is a Dohle body and what causes them?
a light blue staining area in the cytoplasm of a neutrophil, they are rough ER containing RNA, may represent local imature cytoplasm, found in infections, burns and following chemotherapy, myeloproliferative disorders, pregnancy
What can cause neutrophilia?
extreme emotions, physical stimuli( cold, heat, exercise, pain menstruation, ovulation, labor, pregnancy, trauma, nausea, vomiting, smoking) infections/inflammation
Neutropenia causes?
common in african and middle eastern populations,
BM ablative therapy, viral infections, Neoplasm, megaloblastic and aplastic anemias
Lymphocytosis % of lymphocytes and cause
60-80% T cells, 10-20% bcells, 5-10NK. viral-mononucleosis, CM. Bacterial-bordatella pertussis
Meds-Dilantin. leukemias, lymphomas
What are causes of decreased lymphocyte production?
sever combined immunodeficiency (SCID). protein-calorie malnutrition. Zinc deficiency
What are increased destruction of lymphocytes caused by?
HIV. Radiation therapy. Chemotherapy. SLE
Causes of monocytosis?
leukemia, lymphoma. Infections-TB, SBE. FUO. GI disorders. Collagen vascular disorders
What causes eosinophilia?
allergic rhinitis and asthma. Parasitic infections. TB. eczema and psoriasis. Neoplasms. Autoimmune disorders
Basophilia causes?
CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia), allergies, inflammatory disorders, irradiation, viral infections, polycythemia vera
normal absolute leukocyte numbers
neutrophils 1500-8000/uL. lymphocytes 1000-4000. monocytes 200-800. eosinophils 0-450. basophils 0-100
What are very immature forms of neutrophils caused by a leukemoid reaction?
metamyelocytes, myelocytes
What is seen in a viral infection?
neutropenia and lymphocytosis
