Ways of Studying the Brain

Question 1

Scanning Techniques

Answer 1

Some scanning techniques can record global neural activity through the assessment of brainwave patterns.

Others show activity in specific parts of the brain as the brain performs certain tasks and processes.

Question 2

fMRI

Answer 2

Detects changes in blood oxygenation and flow that occur as a result of neural activity in specific parts of the brain.

When a brain area is more active it consumes more oxygen, and blood flow is directed to the active area
(haemodynamic response)

fMRI produces 3D images (activation maps) showing which parts of the brain are involved in particular mental processes.

Helps us to understand localisation of function.

Shows structure and function.

Question 3

EEG

Answer 3

Measures electrical activity in the brain via electrodes fixed to a
skull cap.

Records the brainwave patterns generated form neurons, giving an
overall account of brain activity

EEG is often used as a diagnostic tool, as unusual patterns of activity may indicate neurological abnormalities (epilepsy, tumours etc.)

Shows function

Question 4

ERPs

Answer 4

These are measures of types of brainwave that are triggered from
particular events.

A stimulus is presented over and over so that response to this can be mapped and the responses to that event can be identified.

These can be linked to cognitive processes.

Shows function

Question 5

Post Mortem Examinations

Answer 5

This is where a brain is analysed after a person’s death.

In research, individuals whose brains are subject to a post mortem are likely to have a rare disorder or unusual deficit.

Areas of damage in the brain are examined to establish the likely
cause of the application.

This also may involve comparison with a neurotypical brain to assess the extent of the difference.

Shows structure