waxes; wataha

Question 1

dental waxes

Answer 1

A low-molecular-weight ester of fatty acids derived
from natural or synthetic components, such as petroleum derivatives, that soften to a plastic state at a relatively low temperature.

Question 2

auxiliary materials

Answer 2

These materials are required for making prostheses but do not become part of a final prosthesis. They are thus known as auxiliary materials.

Question 3

residual stress

Answer 3

Residual stress is stress remaining in a wax as a result of manipulation during heating, cooling, bending, carving, or other manipulation. Manipulation of wax puts molecules of the wax into positions that they do not like but cannot change because of their solid state. These stresses that are present in wax generally are released as the temperature of the wax increases, and the wax molecules can move more freely.

Question 4

classification of dental waxes

Answer 4

1. Pattern waxes
   a. Inlay casting wax
   b. RPD casting wax
   c. Baseplate wax
2. Processing waxes
   a. Boxing wax
   b. Utility wax
   c. Sticky wax
3. Impression waxes
   a. Corrective wax
   b. Bite registration wax

Question 5

Ideal requirements of dental waxes

Answer 5

1. The wax should be uniform when softened.
2. The color should contrast with die materials or prepared teeth to facilitate proper finishing of the margins.
3. The wax should not fragment into flakes or similar surface particles during carving after cooling.
4. The wax must not be pulled away by the instrument or chip during carving.
5. During the burnout phase, the wax must burn completely by oxidizing residual carbon to volatile gases. Ideally, the wax should not leave a solid residue that amounts to more than 0.10% of the original weight of the specimen after the burnout phase.

Question 6

Inlay casting wax

Answer 6

Inlay waxes generally are used to fabricate wax patterns for crowns, inlays, or bridges. These waxes generally are available in round sticks (7.5 cm long and 6 mm in diameter) of several colors such as red, yellow, blue, and green. They are also available in various hardnesses for different casting applications. The hardness is controlled by adjustment of the components. The composition of inlay wax is complex, and it may contain five or six different waxes, such as paraffin, carnauba, ceresin and beeswax. Paraffin and ceresin are mineral waxes, carnauba is a plant wax, and beeswax is an insect wax.

Composition of inlay wax is as follows:

1. Paraffin wax: 40–60%
2. Ceresin: 10%
3. Gum dammar: 1%
4. Carnauba or candelilla: 25%
5. Colouring agents

There are two types of inlay wax:
• Type I: Medium wax is used in the fabrication of direct patterns (in the mouth)
• Type II:Soft wax is used as an indirect technique wax (in die).

Question 7

types of baseplate waxes

Answer 7

• Type 1: Soft wax used for building contours and veneers.
• Type 2: Medium wax used for fabrication of patterns in mouth. This type of wax is preferred in temperate conditions.
• Type 3: Hard wax used for fabrication of patterns in the mouth. This wax is preferred in hot weather conditions.