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Geometrical physics and optic > Wavesssss > Flashcards

Wavesssss Flashcards

1
Q

What is a wave

A

A disturbance or oscillation that travels through space and matter, accompanied by a transfer of energy

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2
Q

What are the two types of wave classification based on medium

A

Mechanical wave that requries medium for propagation

Electromagnetic wave that is able to propgate thr a vacuum

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3
Q

What are the two type of waves classification based on direction

A

Transverse wave
- components vibrate perpendicular to direction of propagation

Longtitudinal
- components vibrate parallel to direction of propagation

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4
Q

What is frequency (f)

A

No. of cycles of a wave that pass a reference point in certain period of time

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5
Q

What is wavelength (λ)

A

Distance between peaks/ trough

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6
Q

What is period (T)

A

duration of one cycle in a repeating event

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7
Q

What is the relationship between period and frequency

A

T = 1/f

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8
Q

What is velocity

A

Rate of travel or distance wave travel in certain period of time

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9
Q

What is the velocity of EM waves in vacuum

A

3 x 10^8 m/s =

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10
Q

How to calculate velocity with frequence and wavelength

A

v = fλ

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11
Q

What is visible light

A

The portion of EM spectrum that stimulates the human visual system

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12
Q

What is electromagnetic wave

A

Waves that can travel through the vacuum

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13
Q

What is electromagnetic spectrum

A

Distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy/ frequency/ wavelength

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of EM waves

A

EM energy travels as transverse wave

Constant speed in vacuum at 3 x 10^8 m/s

Requries no medium to propagate

Consists of varying electric and magnetic field
- vibrate perpendicular to each other and to direction of travel
- vibrate at same freq. of the wave

Unaffected by electric and magnetic field

Trave in straight line within set limit by diffraction

Capable to being polarized

Quantity of energy carried by EM waves depends on magnitiude of distrubance in electric and magnetic field

Cna be caused to produce interference effects

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15
Q

Name the different spectrums in the Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Highest wavelength, lowest freq.)

Radio
Microwaves
Infrared
Visual spectrum (red to blue)
Ultraviolet radiation
X-rays
Gamma rays

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16
Q

What is a source

A

Any object that emits EM radiation

17
Q

What are the two types of sources

A

Point source
- source either infinitely small or sufficiently far away

Extended source
- A source with measurable area

18
Q

What are the two choromatic type of sources

A

Monochromatic source
- emits em radiation of single wavelength or freq

Polychromatic source
- emits em radiation of several wavelength or freq.

19
Q

What is a wavefront

A

Arc/ curve formed with ctr at source by connecting same posiston on all waves

20
Q

What is teh law of malus

A

Rays are perpendicular to wavefronts

21
Q

Pinhole formula

A

h/h’ = a/a’

’ always at btm (the one behind the barrier)

22
Q

What is depth of field

A

Distance object can move without affecting sharpness of image in specific fixed position

23
Q

What is depth of focus

A

Distance image screej can move while mainting a sharp img for fixed obj. position

24
Q

What is a shadow

A

Region which a given type of radiation would not reach due to the presence of an obj.

25
Q

What is the shadow of a extended light source

A

Umbra n penumbra

26
Q

What is the shadow of a point source

A

Geometric shadow with sharp edge

27
Q

What is the region of illumination for a point source when shone thr a aperture

A

Full illumination (uniform light on screen)

28
Q

What is the region of illumination for a extented source when shoen thorugh a aperture

A

Centeral rull illumination, outer annules of partial ilumination

Geometrical physics and optic (11 decks)

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