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Physics > Waves Test > Flashcards

Waves Test Flashcards

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1
Q

How is sound produced

A

Vibrations

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2
Q

Describe the nature of longitudinal waves

A

Longitudinal waves vibrate parallel to the flow of energy

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3
Q

What is the approximate range of hearing for the human ear

A

20Hz-20,000Hz/20kHz

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4
Q

What is meant by ultra sound

A

Ultra sound is sound waves with frequencies greater then human hearings capacity (20kHz)

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5
Q

What is needed to transmit sound waves

A

A connecting medium

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6
Q

Describe an experiment to determine the speed of sound in air

A
  • Man with gun stands x number of meters away (far)
  • Start timer when smoke is seen, stop when sound is heard
  • divide distance (x) by time on stop watch
  • repeat and avg for better test
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7
Q

How do amplitude and frequency affect the sound heard by sound waves

A
  • The higher the frequency the higher the pitch of the note

- The higher the amplitude the louder the note

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8
Q

Describe how reflection of sound may produce an echo

A

Sound waves can reflect off of smooth, hard surfaces. The only thing that changes is the direction meaning the same sound can be heard twice

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9
Q

Describe a compression and a rarefaction

A

compressions are regions of high pressure due to particles being close together. rarefactions are regions of low pressure due to particles being spread further apart.

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10
Q

State estimate values for the speed of sound in solids, liquids and gasses

A

Solids - 4,000m/s
Liquids - 1,450m/s
Gas - 330m/s

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11
Q

Waves transfer ______ without transferring ______

A

Waves transfer energy without transferring matter

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12
Q

Describe what is meant by wave motion

A

deviations from a state of rest or equilibrium—from place to place in a regular and organized way. As shown in ripple tanks, and by shaking a rope or a spring.

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13
Q

What is meant by the term wave front?

A

An imaginary surface representing corresponding points of a wave that vibrate in unison

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14
Q

Give the meaning of: speed, frequency, wavelength and amplitude

A

Speed - the distance traveled over a time
Frequency - the number of complete waves passing a set point per second
Wave length - the distance between a point on one wave, and the same point on the next wave
Amplitude - the maximum displacement of a wave from its resting point (point of equilibrium)

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15
Q

Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves and give examples of each

A
  • Transverse waves vibrate perpendicular to the flow of energy, longitudinal waves vibrate parallel to the flow of energy
  • sound waves are longitudinal waves, electromagnetic waves (radio waves, micro waves…) are transverse waves
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16
Q

How do waves undergo reflection

A

Waves, when hitting a smooth, hard surface, reflect (change directions) the only thing that changes is the direction

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17
Q

How do waves undergo refraction

A

When changing from their current medium to one with a different density the speed of the wave changes changing its direction , the only thing that changes is the direction

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18
Q

How do waves undergo diffraction

A

When waves meet a gap in a barrier they spread out to some extent. Gaps larger then the wavelength create little spreading, Gap’s similar to the wavelength cause a lot of spreading.

19
Q

What is the wave equation

A

V=f x lambda

Wave speed = wave frequency x wavelength

20
Q

State the waves in the electromagnetic spectrum in order of wavelength

A

From largest to smallest, radio waves, micro waves, infra-red, visible light, ultra-violet, x-rays, gamma rays

21
Q

All electromagnetic waves travel at the same high speed in _______, this is the speed of _____

A

All electromagnetic waves travel at the same high speed in vacuums, this is the speed of light

22
Q

Describe uses of radio waves

A

Radio and television communication

23
Q

Describe uses of micro waves

A

Satellite television and telephones

24
Q

Describe uses for infra-red waves

A

Electrical appliances, remote controls, intruder alarms

25
Q

Describe uses of X-rays

A

Medicine and security

26
Q

What are some safety issues regarding micro waves and x-rays

A

Prolonged exposure to either microwaves or x-rays can produce serious long term health risks

27
Q

Describe the formation of an image by a plain mirror and describe its characteristics

A
  • Images are formed on a plain by reflecting the light waves hitting it
  • Optical images are virtual, upright, left-right reversed, the same distance from the mirror as the object and the same size as the object
28
Q

The angle of _________ = the angle of __________

A

The angle of incidence = the angle of reflection

29
Q

The image in a plain mirror is _______

A

The image in a plain mirror is virtual

30
Q

Practice constructions

A

Do it 😈🥵😡

31
Q

Describe an experimental demonstration for the refraction of light

A

Perspex block, laser pointer, shined in one side, refracted out the other, measure angles

32
Q

Describe the passage of light through a parallel sided, transparent material

A

When light passes from one medium with a certain density to another with a different density it bends, this is called refraction.

33
Q

What is the critical angle

A

The critical angle is the angle of incidence, beyond which, rays of light passing through a denser medium to the surface of a less dense, are totally reflected

34
Q

What is the refractive index

A

The refractive index is the extent to which light is refracted when it enters a medium

35
Q

Sin i/sin r = ?

A

n/refractive index

36
Q

1/sin c (critical angle) = ?

A

n/the refractive index

37
Q

Give some uses of optical fibres in medicine and technology

A
  • optical fibres are used in endoscopes to help doctors see inside patients
  • optical fibres transfer lots of information as pulses of light, to be converted into binary
38
Q

Describe the dispersion of light from a glass prism

A

Upon passage through the prism, the white light is separated into its component colors - red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet

39
Q

Light of a single frequency is described as _____________

A

Light of a single frequency is described as monochromatic

40
Q

Describe the action of a converging lens of a wave of light

A

A converging lens causes the light rays that are travelling parallel to its principal axis to refract and cross the principal axis at a fixed point called the focal point

41
Q

What do “principal focus” and “focal point” mean

A
  • The principal focus is the point from which the waves appear to spread out
  • the focal point is the point at which all the waves converge
42
Q

Describe the use of a single lens as a magnifying lens

A

A magnifying glass is a convex lens used to make an object appear much larger than it actually is

43
Q

What is meant by a virtual and real image

A
  • A virtual image is an image that is not actually where it is seen to be, it comes from behind the lens
  • A real image is an image that is actually where it is seen to be, the light rays pass through it

Physics (2 decks)

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