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Waves And Sound (Phys Unit 9) > Waves N Such > Flashcards

Waves N Such Flashcards

1
Q

_(P or S) waves ware compressional, primary, and longitudinal. Travels fast in materials. Particle of motion is up/down

A

P waves

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2
Q

_(P or S) waves are shear, secondary, and transverse. Travel slowly and not through fluids. Particle of motion is left/right

A

S waves

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3
Q

Increasing the amplitude and wavelength makes a wave ____

A

Bigger

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4
Q

____ - Disturbance that transfers energy without transferring mass

A

Wave

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5
Q

Particles (matter) vibrate or ___ back/forth or up/down

A

Oscillate

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6
Q

____ - Is a single disturbance/event, which moves from point to point through a “medium”.

A

Pulse

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7
Q

Pulses together in a ___ produce a wave

A

Medium

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8
Q

_____ - The Maximum displacement from the equilibrium position. The larger the ____ the more energy is being carried by the wave. (Measured in meters)

A

Amplitude (A)

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9
Q

_____ - The length of one full wave or “cycle”. Can be measured from crest to crest or trough to trough. (Measured in meters)

A

Wavelength (upside down y)

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10
Q

____ - The time it takes a wave to complete one cycle (return to its original position. Measured in seconds s)

A

Period (T)

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11
Q

____ - The number of cycles a wave can complete in one second (measured in Hertz Hz)

A

Frequency (f)

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12
Q

Increasing wave amplitude increases wave ___

A

Energy

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13
Q

Two types of waves

A

Mechanical waves
Electromagnetic waves

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14
Q

____ waves - Pass through a medium, any substance with mass which will carry the energy. (Medium can be solid, liquid, or gas. Cant pass through a vacuum. Ex: Earthquakes (seismic), ocean waves, sound waves)

A

Mechanical waves

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15
Q

_____ waves - Do not require a medium and can travel through a vacuum. They propagate through the electromagnetic field. TRANSVERSE ONLY

A

Electromagnetic waves

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16
Q

Mechanical waves can be _____ or _____

A

Transverse or longitudinal

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17
Q

____ wave - Particles vibrate perpendicular to wave velocity (like waves on an ocean)

A

Transverse Wave

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18
Q

____ wave - Particles vibrate parallel to wave velocity (like sound waves)

A

Longitudinal Waves

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19
Q

In a transverse wave, particles move ___ and ___ from its equilibrium perpendicular to the direction of its velocity

A

Up and down

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20
Q

In a longitudinal wave, particles vibrate ___ and ___ parallel to the direction of its velocity

A

Back and forth

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21
Q

____ is calculated by #of waves of # of cycles over time

A

Frequency

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22
Q

____ is measured by 1 over frequency

A

Period

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23
Q

Frequency and Period are ___

A

Reciprocals

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24
Q

_____ ___ (v) -The distance a wave travels in a given time. Faster sound waves cover more distance.

A

Wave speed

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25
Q

The only way to change wave speed is to change the _____ of the wave medium

A

Properties

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26
Q

High frequency = ___ wavelength

A

Small

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27
Q

The speed of a mechanical wave depends only on the properties of the ____ the wave travels through

A

Medium

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28
Q

Temperature, elasticity, density, and tension all affect the ___ ___

A

Wave speed

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29
Q

A wave traveling through a cooler medium moves ____ than that of a warmer medium

A

Slower

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30
Q

Sound moves the ___ through solids, and ____ through gases. (Because solids have a higher elasticity meaning they can reset faster and vibrate again sooner)

A

Fastest
Slowest

31
Q

____ takes priority of wave speed but density is a close second

A

Elasticity

32
Q

Wave speed ____ depend on the properties of the wave itself like frequency, period, wavelength, and amplitude

A

Doesn’t

33
Q

Because if we double the frequency and the wavelength gets halved. The product will stay constant making the ____ stay constant

A

Speed

34
Q

____ waves - Longitudinal waves that travel through air or another medium.

A

Sound waves

35
Q

___ and ____/___ of a longitudinal wave correspond to the crests and troughs of a transverse wave

A

Compressions and expansions / rarefactions

36
Q

The compressions of a wave are the ___

A

Crests

37
Q

Expansions/rarefactions of a wave are the ___

A

Troughs

38
Q

Mechanical waves with ____ amplitude carry more energy than waves with a ___ amplitude

A

Large
Small

39
Q

For a sound wave amplitude corresponds to ___

A

Loudness

40
Q

____ amplitude -> loud noise

A

High amplitude

41
Q

The amplitude of a sound wave _____ as it moves away from its source

A

Decreases

42
Q

The frequency of a sound wave is interpreted as ____

A

Pitch

43
Q

____ frequency -> high pitch

A

High frequency

44
Q

___ auditory range is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz

A

Human

45
Q

In humans, sound is produced when air travels through the ___ __ in the larynx causing a vibration

A

Vocal folds

46
Q

Males have _____ vocal folds than females which makes their voice deeper

A

Longer

47
Q

The medium is the ____ when there’s a vibration wave in the string

A

String

48
Q

The medium is the ____ when a sound wave is produced by the strings vibration

A

Air

49
Q

____ ____ - A change in frequency of a sound due to the source of sound moving relative to the observer, as the source moves the waves in front of the source compress.

A

Doppler Effect

50
Q

Frequency does not actually change, it is just ____ differently

A

Perceived

51
Q

The shorter wavelength and higher frequency (more lines) is where the source is ___

A

Moving

52
Q

____ - Sound waves that get reflected off a surface or boundary and return to the observer

A

Echo

53
Q

_____ - A process that uses echoes to map the depth of a body of water in different locations

A

Sonar

54
Q

Sound waves travel outward in straight lines from their source until something interferes with their path causing the sound to bend. This happens when sound travels through a different medium or different medium properties (such as ____)

A

Temperature

55
Q

In the day the sound travels ___ because the ground is warmer. At night the sound travels ____ because the ground is cooler

A

Up
Downward

56
Q

Waves are a propagation of ___, not matter

A

Energy

57
Q

_____ - Waves follow this principle meaning they overlap and interact with one another

A

Superposition

58
Q

____ - The combination of multiple waves together

A

Interference

59
Q

2 types of interference

A

Constructive interference
Destructive interference

60
Q

____ interference- When the crest of one wave overlaps the crest of another (perfectly in phase) creating a larger wave

A

Constructive interference

61
Q

_____ interference- When the crest of one wave overlaps the trough of another (completely out of phase) creating a smaller wave or completely cancelling

A

Destructive interference

62
Q

____ ____ - Created by waves with same frequency, wavelength, and amplitude traveling in opposite directions and continuously interfering. (Can be created by a reflection of the original wave)

A

Standing waves

63
Q

___ - no amplitude, more than the antinode.

A

Nodes

64
Q

_____ - Max amplitude, less than nodes

A

Antinodes

65
Q

Greater frequencies produce more but ____ standing waves

A

Shorter

66
Q

_____ (sympathetic vibrations) - produced by standing waves. When an external force applied to a system causes an object to vibrate at its natural frequency

A

Resonance

67
Q

When the frequency of a source matches the natural frequency of the object, there is a dramatic increase in the _____

A

Amplitude

68
Q

With sound waves, when the natural frequency is hit, the sound ____

A

Amplifies

69
Q

As the frequency of a wave increases the wavelength and period _____

A

Decreases

70
Q

Frequency _____ affect amplitude nor wavelength

A

Doesn’t

71
Q

Amplitude of a mechanical wave is determined by the ___ of the wave

A

Energy

72
Q

____ waves travel through sound, need to have matter to travel through, and can’t move through a vacuum

A

Mechanical waves

73
Q

____ waves can travel through outer space, and can be radio waves

A

Electromagnetic waves

74
Q

The source of nearly all wave motion is a ____ of matter

A

Vibration of matter

Waves And Sound (Phys Unit 9) (1 decks)

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