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Grade 11 Physics > Waves - Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Waves - Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave?

A

The transfer of energy over a distance, in the form of a disturbance.

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2
Q

What is periodic motion?

A

Motion that occurs when the vibration of an object is repeated over equal time intervals.

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3
Q

What are the 3 basic types of vibration?

A
  1. Transverse vibration
  2. Longitudinal vibration
  3. Torsional vibration
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4
Q

What is transverse vibration?

A

When an object vibrates perpendicular to its axis.

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5
Q

What is longitudinal vibration?

A

When an object vibrates parallel to its axis.

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6
Q

What is torsional vibration?

A

When an object twists around it axis.

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7
Q

What is a cycle?

A

One complete vibration.

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8
Q

What is frequency?

A

The measure of the number of cycles per second.

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9
Q

What is a period?

A

The time required for one cycle.

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10
Q

What is an amplitude?

A

The distance from the equilibrium (rest) position to the point of maximum displacement.

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11
Q

What does it mean to be vibrating in phase?

A

If the objects have the same period and pass through the rest/equilibrium position at the same time.

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12
Q

What is a crest?

A

The high section in transverse waves.

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13
Q

What is a trough?

A

The low section in transverse waves.

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14
Q

What are periodic waves?

A

The motions are repeated at regular time intervals.

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15
Q

What is a pulse/shockwave?

A

A single disturbance rather than periodic waves.

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16
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance between one crest to the next (or trough).

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17
Q

What kind of waves does compression and rarefaction occur?

A

Longitudinal waves.

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18
Q

What is rarefaction?

A

When the particles are further apart in longitudinal waves.

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19
Q

When a wave is generated in a spring or a rope, how long does it take for the wave to travel one wavelength?

A

The time required for one complete vibration of the source.

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20
Q

What is fixed-end reflection?

A

Reflection from a rigid obstacle when a pulse is inverted.

21
Q

What is free-end reflection?

A

Reflection where the new medium is free to move and there is no inversion.

22
Q

What is partial reflection?

A

Some of the energy is transmitted into the new medium and some is reflected back into the original medium.

23
Q

When a wave travels from one medium to another, when is the transmitted pulse inverted?

A

Never.

24
Q

When a wave travels from one medium to another, when is the reflected pulse inverted?

A

When the wave is traveling from a fast medium to a slow medium.

25
Q

What happens to the speed and wavelength of the wave when it travels from a fast medium to a slow medium?

A

The speed decreases and the wavelength of the wave decreases.

26
Q

What happens to the speed and wavelength of the wave when it travels from a slow medium to a fast medium?

A

The speed increases and the wavelength of the wave increases.

27
Q

What is a wavefront?

A

A line used to show the leading edge of a wave when drawing waves.

28
Q

What is a waveray?

A

An arrow indicating the direction.

29
Q

When do waves get reflected along their original path?

A

When they hit a barrier straight on.

30
Q

When is a wavefront reflected off the barrier at an angle?

A

When it runs into a straight barrier at an angle.

31
Q

What is the angle of reflection equal to?

A

The angle of incidence.

32
Q

What happens when a wave travels from deep to shallow water in such a way that it crosses the boundary at an angle?

A

The direction of the wave changes.

33
Q

What is refraction?

A

The bending effect on a wave’s direction that occurs when a wave enters a medium at an angle.

34
Q

What else can cause waves to change direction?

A

When they pass the sharp edge of an obstacle or through a small opening.

35
Q

What is diffraction?

A

The bending effect on a wave’s direction as it passes through an opening or by an obstacle.

36
Q

What does the amount of bending depend on with diffraction?

A

The wavelength and the size of the opening in the barrier.

37
Q

Does a smaller opening mean more or less diffraction?

A

More.

38
Q

What occurs when two waves act simultaneously on the same particles of a medium?

A

Wave interference.

39
Q

What is destructive interference?

A

Waves diminishing each other where the amplitude of the medium is less than it would have been for either of the interfering waves acting alone.

40
Q

What is constructive interference?

A

The waves build each other up resulting g in the medium having a larger amplitude.

41
Q

What does the Principle of Superposition state?

A

At any point, the resulting amplitude of two interfering waves is the algebraic sum of the amplitudes of the individual waves.

42
Q

What is mechanical resonance?

A

The transfer of energy from one object to another having the same natural frequency.

43
Q

What is a sympethetic vibration?

A

When an object vibrates in resonance with another.

44
Q

What are standing waves a special case of?

A

Interference.

45
Q

What is it called when conditions are controlled so that interfering waves have the same amplitude and wavelength but are traveling in opposite directions?

A

Standing waves.

46
Q

What is a node?

A

The point which remains at rest throughout the interference of the pulses of standing waves.

47
Q

What are nodes one half of?

A

The wavelength of the interfering waves.

48
Q

Where are antinodes?

A

Midway between nodes where supercrests and super troughs occur.

49
Q

What can we say about the waves produced from two vibrating sources attached to the same generator?

A

The wavelengths and amplitudes are the same and they are in phase.

Grade 11 Physics (1 decks)

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