Waves and Sounds Flashcards
a traveling disturbance
wave
it carries energy from place to place
wave
a wave that is one in which the disturbance occurs parallel to the line of travel of the wave.
Longitudinal Wave
Sound wave is a __________
longitudinal wave
one in which the disturbance occurs perpendicular to the direction of travel of wave.
Transverse Wave
- Radio wave
- Light Waves
- Microwaves
is what type of waves?
Transverse Wave
it travels on the strings of instruments such as guitars and banjos.
Transverse waves
consists of cycle or patterns that are produced over and over again by the source.
Periodic Wave
Every segment of the slinky vibrates in ____________, provided the end of the slinky is moved in ______________.
Simple Harmonic Motion
the repetitive movement back and forth through a equilibrium, or central position, so that the maximum displacement on one side of this position is equal to the maximum displacement on the other side.
Simple Harmonic Motion
A wave that does not appear to travel. Each point on the standing wave will oscillate about a point on the axis of the wave.
Standing Wave
Standing waves are formed by the _________ of two traveling waves of the same frequency (With the same polarizationand the same amplitude) travelling in opposite directions.
This is usually achieved by using a traveling wave and its reflection, which will ensure that the frequency is the same.
Superposition
Points on a stationary wave that osciallate with maximum amplitude.
Antinodes
points of zero amplitude and appear to be fixed.
Nodes
the maximum excursion of a particle of the medium from the particles undisturbed position.
Amplitude
the horizontal length of one cycle of the wave.
Wavelength
the time required for one complete cycle.
Period
related to the period and has units of Hz or s-1
Frequency
Frequency Formula
f = 1/T
A train is moving at a ________- serves as an analogy for a traveling wave. A simple relation exists between the period, the wavelength, and the speed of any periodic.
Constant speed
The speed at which the wave moves to the right depends on how quickly one particle of the string is accelerated upward in response to the __________
Net pulling force
A longitudinal wave that is created by a vibrating object, such as a guitar string, the human vocal cords or diaphragm of a loudspeaker.
Sounds
Sounds can be created or transmitted __________ such as a solid, liquid or gas.
Only in a medium
Sounds cannot exist in _________
Vacuum
The distance between adjacent ___________ is equal to the wavelength of the sound wave.
condensations
__________ and ________ travels from the speaker to the lister but the individual air molecules do not move with the wave. A given molecule vibrates back and forth about a fixed location.
Condensation
Rarefractions
the number of cycles per second
Frequency
A sound with a single frequency
Pure tone
the brain interprets the frequency in terms of the subjective quality
Pitch
an attribute of a sound that depends primarily on the pressure amplitude of the wave
Loudness
Sound travels through ____ liquids and solids at considerably different speed.
Gases
It carry energy that can be used to do work.
Sound Waves
the amount of energy transported per second
Power
defined as the power that passes perpendicularly through a surface divided by the area of that surface.
Sound Intensity
For a 1000 Hz tone, the smallest sound intensity that the human ear can detect is about _______________.
1x10^12 W/m^2
For a 1000 Hz tone, the smallest sound intensity that the human ear can detect is about 1x10^12 W/m^2. This intensity is called the __________________
Threshold of Hearing
If the sounds emits sound _________________, the intensity depends on the distance from the source in a simple way.
uniformly in all directions
a measurement unit used when comparing two sound intensities.
Decimbel (dB)
The way in which human hearing mechanism responds to intensity, it is appropriate to use a logarithmic scale
Intensity Level
Note that log(1) =
0
the intensity of the sound is equal to the threshold of hearing
the intensity level is zero.
reference intensity formula
1.00 x 10^12 W/m^2
the change in frequency or pitch of the sound detected by an observer because the sound source and the observer have different velocities with respect to the medium of sound propagation.
Doppler Effect
