waves and sound Flashcards
it is a raveling disturbance that carries energy from one place to another.
wave
Does a wave move objects from place to place?
No, waves carry energy, not objects.
A wave where the disturbance moves parallel to the wave’s direction.
longitudinal wave
- a sound wave is a longitudinal wave
- particles move back and forth in the same direction as the waves traves
A wave where the disturbance moves perpendicular to the wave’s direction.
transverse wave
- examples: light waves, radio waves, microwave and waves on guitar string
- particles move up and down, perpendicular to the direction the wave travels
Waves that repeat cycles or patterns over and over, like rhythmic slinky waves.
periodic waves
- formed when the source moves in simple harmonic motion
- back and forth repetitive movement where displacement on both sides of a central position
- example: swinging pendulum or a vibrating slinky.
what happens to each part of a slinky in a periodic wave?
Each segment vibrates in simple harmonic motion.
A wave that looks like it’s not moving, formed when two waves traveling in opposite directions combine.
standing wave
- formed by the superposition of two waves with the same frequency, amplitude, and direction.
A point on a standing wave with maximum oscillation.
antinode
A point on a standing wave with zero oscillation that appears fixed.
node
How can you create a standing wave?
Use a traveling wave and its reflection to ensure they combine with the same frequency and amplitude.
A is the maximum excursion of a particle of the medium from the particles undisturbed position.
amplitude
it is the horizontal length of one cycle of the wave.
10
wavelength
it is the time required for one complete cycle.
period
it is related to the period and has units of Hz, or s-1
frequency
What is the relationship between speed, wavelength, and frequency?
Speed = Wavelength × Frequency
What determines the speed of a wave on a string?
How quickly a particle of the string is accelerated upward by the pulling force.
What causes upward acceleration in a string wave?
The net pulling force acting on the string.
A longitudinal wave created by vibrating objects, moving through a medium.
sound
Can sound travel in a vacuum?
No, sound needs a medium like air, liquid, or solid to travel.
condensations vs rarefactions
condensations:
areas where particles are close together
rarefactions:
are where particles are spread apart in a sound wave.
hat happens to air molecules in a sound wave?
They vibrate back and forth but do not travel with the wave.
What is the wavelength of a sound wave?
The distance between two adjacent condensations or rarefactions.
it is the number of cycles per second.
frequency
A sound with a single frequency
pure tone