Waves and Radiations Whole Unit Flashcards
What is meant by the amplitude of a wave?
It is the distance from the centre of the wave to the crest or trough.
What is meant by the frequency of a wave?
The number of waves per second.
What is meant by the wavelength of a wave?
It is the distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next.
Describe how to measure the speed of sound with two students using a clapper board, stop watch and trundle wheel.
- One student takes the clapperboard and stands still.
- The other students takes the stop watch and uses the trundle wheel to measure a set distance away.
- The first student shuts the clapper board.
- The other student starts the stop watch when they see the clapper shut and stops it when they hear the sound.
- Speed of sound is calculated by distance between the students divided by the time on stop watch.
Describe how to measure the speed of sound using the equipment below.
- Make a loud sound to the left of the first microphone.
- When the sound reaches microphone one it starts the fast timer, when the sound reaches the second microphone this stops the timer.
- Measure the distance between the microphones using a metre stick.
- The speed is calculated from distance between the microphones divided by the time on fast timer.
You are 5km away from a thunder storm. What reaches you first - the thunder or the lighning? Explain your answer.
The lightning. The speed of light is faster than the speed of sound.
You are 10km from a thunder storm. You count 15 seconds between seeing the lightning and hearing the thunder. How do you calculate how far away the storm is?
Use d = vt
Where v is the speed of sound.
t is 15 seconds.
You are 10km from a thunder storm. You count 15 seconds between seeing the lightning and hearing the thunder. You repeat this after the next lightning strike, the time between the lightning and the thunder is now 10 seconds. What does this tell you?
The storm has moved closer to you.
What is meant by a longitudinal wave?
A wave that vibrates along the direction of travel.In a longitudinal wave, the motion of the medium is parallel to the direction of the wave.
What is meant by a transverse wave?
A wave that vibrates at ninety degrees to the direction of travel. A transverse wave is a wave in which the motion of the medium is at right angles to the direction of the wave.
What type of wave is a sound wave?
Longitudinal.
What type of wave is a water wave?
Transverse.
What type of wave is a microwave?
Transverse.
Name a longitudinal wave.
Sound.
Name 3 transverse waves.
- Radio
- Microwave
- Infrared
- Visible light
- Ultraviolet
- X-rays
- Gamma rays
- Water waves
Name the members of the electromagnetic spectrum, from lowest to highest frequency.
(Ronald Mcdonald Is Very Ugly eXclaimed George)
- Radio
- Microwave
- Infrared
- Visible Light
- Ultraviolet
- X-rays
- Gamma radiation
Which member of the electromagnetic spectrum has the most energy?
Gamma radiation as it has the highest frequency
State one detector of radio waves.
Aerial
State one detector of microwaves.
Aerial
State one detector of infrared
- photodiode
- phototransistor
State one detector of visible light.
- Eye,
- photographic film
State one detector of Ultraviolet light.
- Some chemicals glow or fluoresce under it
- photocells
State one detector of X-rays
Photographic film
State one detector of gamma radiation
- Photographic film
- GM Tube
- Bubble chamber
State one source of radio waves.
- Transmitter
- Stars
State one source of microwaves.
- Transmitter
- Magnetron
State one source of infrared.
- Stars
- Lamps
- Flames
State one source of visible light.
- The Sun
- Light bulbs
- Anything hot enough to glow
State one source of ultraviolet light.
- Sun
- Special Lamps
State one source of X-rays.
- Stars
- Nebula
State one source of gamma radiation
- Stars
- Some radioactive substances (e.g. Cobalt 60)
State one use for radio waves.
- Radio/TV broadcasting
- Aircraft and shipping bands
- Radio waves detected from space are used by astronomers to find out what objects are made from
State one use for microwave radiation.
- Mobile phone communications
- Used to heat/cook food
- Microwaves in space are used by astronomers to learn about the structure of nearby galaxies, and our own Milky Way
- Microwaves are also used by fixed traffic
- Radar
State one use for infrared radiation.
- Skin emits infrared light we can be seen in the dark by someone using night vision goggles.
- Astronomers use infrared to give extra information about space. Infrared light maps the dust between stars.
- Can be used to create thermograms which are used in medicine as a diagnostic tool for cancer, deep vein thrombosis(DVT), circulation problems (Reynaulds syndrome)
- Remote controls for TVs, DVD, Bluray players etc
- Physiotherapists use heat lamps to help heal sports injuries