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Nat 5 Physics > Waves And Radiation > Flashcards

Waves And Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

Longitudinal waves

A

Sound

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2
Q

Definition of ultrasound

A

Frequencies above 20000Hz

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3
Q

Definition of diffraction

A

The bending effect of a wave when obstacles are placed in its way

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4
Q

Radio waves

A

Low frequency

Long wavelength

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5
Q

Gamma ray

A

High frequency

Short wavelengths

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6
Q

What can radio waves do?

A

Diffract easily

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7
Q

What are microwaves used for

A

Send signals up to space

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8
Q

Example of transverse waves

A

Light

Water

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9
Q

What is infrared used for

A

Speeds up the healing of muscle tissue

Thermal imaging cameras

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10
Q

What is visible light used for

A

Lasers

Remove birthmarks and tattoos

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11
Q

What is ultraviolet used for

A

Treating skin conditions like acne

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12
Q

What are gamma rays used for

A

Killing cancer cells

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13
Q

What is refraction

A

The process where the speed of a wave changes as it travels from one medium to a different medium

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14
Q

What is an alpha particle

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

Helium nucleus

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15
Q

Beta

A

A fast moving electron

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16
Q

Gamma

A

An electromagnetic wave

17
Q

What is alpha radiation used for

A

Smoke detectors

18
Q

What is background radiation

A

The radiation that is around us all the time

19
Q

What is Activity

A

Number of decays each second

20
Q

What are some safety precautions when dealing with radiation

A

Limit the time exposed to radiation
Put a distance between yourself and the radioactive source
Use tongs to lift the source
Never bring radioactive sources close to your bode
Store in lead lined box
Wash hands afterwards

21
Q

What is meant by the term half life

A

The time taken for the activity of a radioactive source to half its previous value

22
Q

What is fission

A

When a neutron is fired at a large unstable uranium nucleus which absorbs the neutron and then splits into two smaller nuclei and then causes a chain reaction

23
Q

What is fusion

A

When two smaller nuclei fuse together to form a large nucleus

24
Q

Advantages of nuclear fission

A

No greenhouse gases
Stable supply of electricity
Uses a small amount of fuel but creates a large amount of electricity

25
Q

Disadvantages of nuclear fission

A

Produces nuclear waste that is dangerous for hundreds of years
Expensive to store nuclear waste
Catastrophic events like earthquakes and tsunamis could cause dangerous radiation emissions
Nuclear power station are expensive to build

26
Q

Advantages of fusion

A

No greenhouse gases
No radioactive waste
Hydrogen as a fuel which is easy to source as it is in water

27
Q

Disadvantages of fusion

A

Requires temperatures close to the sun to work which is very dangerous

Nat 5 Physics (4 decks)

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