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Physics > Waves and Radiation > Flashcards

Waves and Radiation Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all waves transfer

A

Energy

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2
Q

What are the two types of waves

A

Transverse and Longitudinal

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3
Q

What is the highest point of a wave called ?

A

Crest

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4
Q

What is the lowest point of a wave called ?

A

Trough

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5
Q

What is the definition of the amplitude of a wave ?

A

Size of maximum disturbance from the zero position

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6
Q

What is the speed of sound in air ?

A

340 metres per second

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7
Q

What is the scientific notation of ‘nano’ ?

A

x10-9

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8
Q

What is the scientific notation of ‘micro’ ?

A

x10-6

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9
Q

What is the scientific notation of ‘milli’ ?

A

x10-3

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10
Q

What is the scientific notation of ‘kilo’ ?

A

x10*3

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11
Q

What is the scientific notation of ‘mega’ ?

A

x10*6

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12
Q

What is the scientific notation of ‘giga’

A

x10*9

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13
Q

In sound waves, a high pitch would mean…

A

High frequency

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14
Q

In sound waves, a low pitch would mean…

A

Low frequency

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15
Q

In sound waves, the loudness of the sound affects…

A

The amplitude of the sound

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16
Q

Sound level is measured in…

A

Decibells/dB

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17
Q

In diffraction, the shorter the wavelength…

A

The less the wave will diffract

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18
Q

In diffraction, the longer the wavelength…

A

The more the wave will diffract

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19
Q

All electromagnetic waves…

A

Transfer energy
Are transverse waves
Travel at 300,000,000 metres per second
All diffract

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20
Q

In the EM spectrum, the longer the wavelength…

A

The lower the frequency and energy

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21
Q

In the EM spectrum, the shorter the wavelength…

A

The higher the frequency and energy

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22
Q

Name a detector of Radio and TV waves

A

Aerial

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23
Q

Name a detector of Microwaves

A

Aerial

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24
Q

Microwaves are used to…

A

Carry signals to a satellite in space

Heat food

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25
Q

Uses of Infrared Radiation

A

Heal damaged muscle tissue
Dry paint
Thermal imaging

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26
Q

Detectors of Infrared Radiation

A

Photodiode

Thermometer

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27
Q

Visible light is made up of…

A

Different colours/wavelengths

28
Q

Uses of visible light

A

Remove birth marks
Remove tattoos
Kill cancerous tumors

29
Q

Detectors of visible light

A

Photodiode
Human eye
Photographic film

30
Q

Most of our UltraViolet radiation comes from…

A

The sun

31
Q

How can too much ultraviolet radiation be harmful?

A

Damage skin or cause skin cancer

32
Q

Uses of UV radiation

A

Treat skin conditions like acne

Security markings

33
Q

Detectors of UV radiation

A

Photodiode

Photographic film

34
Q

Uses of X-rays

A

Detect broken bones

35
Q

Detector of X-rays

A

Photographic film

36
Q

Uses of Gamma rays

A

Tracer
Gamma radiation injected into bloodstream with a gamma camera detecting the radiation emitted. This creates an image of blood flow through the body.

37
Q

Detectors of Gamma radiation

A

Photographic film

Geiger-Müller tube

38
Q

Refraction causes a change in…

A

Wave speed
Wavelength
Direction

39
Q

In refraction, towards the normal means

A

Wavelength decreases

Speed decreases

40
Q

In refraction, away from the normal means…

A

Wavelength increases

Speed increases

41
Q

In refraction, a convex lens shows the light…

A

Meets after the lens

42
Q

In refraction, a concave lens means the light…

A

Moves away from each other after lens

43
Q

A nucleus is made up of…

A

Protons and neutrons

44
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive

45
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

No charge

46
Q

What orbits the nucleus?

A

Electrons

47
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

Negative

48
Q

Alpha radiation is…

A

A helium nucleus

49
Q

Beta radiation is…

A

A fast moving electron

50
Q

Gamma radiation is…

A

An electromagnetic wave

51
Q

What is the definition of ionisation

A

Ionisation is when an atom loses or gains an electron

52
Q

How can you stop alpha particles?

A

2cm of air

Thin sheet of paper

53
Q

How can you stop beta particles?

A

2 metres of air

2.3mm of Aluminium

54
Q

How can you stop gamma radiation?

A

Thick lead or thick concrete

Air does not stop this

55
Q

Activity is…

A

The number of nuclear disintegrations (decays) per second

56
Q

One becquerel is…

A

One decay per second

57
Q

Natural radiations…

A

Cosmic rays
Rocks and soil
Human body

58
Q

Artificial radiations…

A

Nuclear waste
Fallout from weapons testing
Nuclear accidents

59
Q

Half life is…

A

The time for the activity to half

60
Q

The activity of a source ________ with time

A

Decreases

61
Q

The biological effect of radiation depends on three factors:

A

Absorbed dose
Type of radiation
Type of tissue absorbing the radiation

62
Q

Absorbed dose is the energy absorbed by…

A

1kg of mass absorbing material

63
Q

The equivalent dose is a measure of…

A

The biological harm that the radiation has on a tissue

64
Q

Equivalent dose is measured in…

A

Sieverts or Sv

65
Q

What type of radiation are humans at a greater biological risk of?

A

Natural sources

Physics (1 decks)

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