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Eddie's GCSE Physics > Waves and optics > Flashcards

Waves and optics Flashcards

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1
Q

Label the diagram of the wave: amplitude, peak, wavelength, peak, trough

A
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2
Q

What does a wave transfer

A

Energy without transferring matter

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

What is the wavelength of a wave

A
  • The distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave
  • Usually measured from the peak of the wave
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5
Q

What is the amplitude of a wave

A
  • The height of the wave, measured from its middle to the top
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6
Q

What is the frequency of a wave

A
  • The number of waves passing a point every second
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7
Q

What is the unit of frequency

A

hertz (Hz)

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8
Q

How do the points vibrate in a transverse wave

A

The points along the wave vibrate at 90 degrees to the direction in which the wave is moving

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9
Q

How do the points vibrate in a longitudinal wave

A

The points along the wave vibrate in the same direction that the wave is moving in

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10
Q

example of longitudinal wave

A

sound waves

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11
Q

Example of a transverse wave

A

light waves

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12
Q

What is the equation for wave speed including wave speed, frequency and wavelength

A
  • wave speed = Frequency x wave length
  • v = f x l
  • m/s = Hz x metres
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13
Q

What happens when a wave reflects of a plane surface

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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14
Q

How can a wave undergo refraction

A
  • When a wave enters a different medium it changes speed, this is called refraction
  • Refraction causes wavelength to increase or decrease
  • And cause a change in direction
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15
Q

What happens when water goes from shallow to deep water

A

The waves speed up

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16
Q

What happens to the wavelength when waves speed up

A

The waves spread out

  • When slowing down they bunch together
17
Q

What is diffraction of a wave

A
  • When waves pass through a narrow gap, the waves spread out, this is called diffraction
18
Q

What happens to a wave with a small gap in diffraction

A
19
Q

What happens to a wave in a larger gap in diffraction

A
20
Q

What happens in diffraction around an edge

A
21
Q

When an object is placed in front of a mirror, what are its characteristics

A
  • The image is the same size as the object
  • The image is as far behind the mirror as the object is in front
  • It is directly in line with the object
22
Q

Draw out an example of a virtual image in a mirror

A
23
Q

How is a virtual image formed

A

It is formed from the divergance of rays from the image

24
Q

What phrase describe the travel of light in refraction

A
  1. Enters towards (the medium)
  2. Leaves away (from the medium
25
Q

What is the critical angle

A

the angle of incidence beyond which rays of light passing through a denser medium to the surface of a less dense medium are no longer refracted but totally reflected.

26
Q

What is the equation for the refractive index involving angle of incidence, angle of reflection, refractive index

A

n = sin(i) / sin(r)

27
Q

What is the equation for a refractive index involved refractive index, speed of light in vacuum and speed of light in material

A

n = speed of light in vacuum / speed of light in material

28
Q
A

n = 1/sinC

29
Q

When does internal reflection occur

A

when light moves from a denser medium to a less dense one

30
Q

Conditions for total internal reflection to occur

A
  • Light is travelling from a more dense to less dense medium
  • The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle
31
Q

What is a real world use of internal reflection

A

Optical fibres in medicine and communications

32
Q

How do optical fibres work

A

Light travelling down the fibres is reflected each time it hits the wall of the fibre

33
Q

what are the steps to form a real image

A
  1. Draw a line directly through the centre of the lens from the top of the object
  2. Draw a line straight across from the top of the object
  3. Once it reaches the centre line of the converging lens, it then travels towards the principal focus
34
Q

How does dispersion occur

A
  • White light enters a denser medium
  • The colours which make up white light refract at different rates
    *
35
Q

Which colour in light has the longest and shortest wavelength

A
  • Red has the largest
  • Violet has the shortest

Eddie's GCSE Physics (11 decks)

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