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Physics > Waves and Optical Fibres > Flashcards

Waves and Optical Fibres Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two types of waves?

A

Transverse and Longitudinal waves

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2
Q

What are examples of transverse waves?

A

Water waves, Seismic S waves, all Electromagnetic waves

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3
Q

What are examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves, Seismic P waves

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4
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

The maximum disturbance of a wave from its rest

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5
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance between a point on one wave and the same point on the next

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6
Q

What is the crest?

A

The peak of the wave

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7
Q

What is the trough?

A

The bottom of the wave

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8
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz (Hz). one hz is one wave per second

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9
Q

What is frequency?

A

The number of cycles of a wave per second

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10
Q

What are the 4 layers of Earth? (in order)

A

Crust, Mantle, Outer core, Inner core

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11
Q

List properties of P waves

A

They are longitudinal waves, their relative speed is faster than regular waves, they can travel through solids and liquids

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12
Q

List properties of S waves

A

They are transverse waves, they are slower than P waves and can only travel through solids

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of Seismic waves?

A

Surface waves, P waves and S waves

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14
Q

What causes the light to be refracted in TIR?

A

The speed of the light changes because of the change in density

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15
Q

When light goes from a more dense to less dense area, which angle is greater?

A

Refraction angle

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16
Q

What is the critical angle?

A

When the angle of refraction is 90 degrees

17
Q

What is glass’ critical angle?

A

42 degrees

18
Q

What happens when the angle is greater than the critical angle?

A

The light will become totally internally refracted and will stay inside the glass, turning back on itself

19
Q

How do optical fibres function?

A

With total internal reflection

20
Q

What is an optical fibre and what is it used for?

A

A thin rod of high quality glass used to transmit light and data at a high speed

21
Q

What is an endoscope?

A

Optical fibres which are inserted into the body showing a 2D image for the doctor

22
Q

What is a CT scan?

A

A use of X-rays to present a 3D image of the body

23
Q

Which is less harmful, endoscopy or CT scans? Why?

A

Endoscopy is less harmful because it uses light instead of X-rays

24
Q

How do you calculate time delay?

A

Distance divided by speed of light

25
Q

How do you calculate speed of light?

A

Distance divided by time delay

26
Q

How do you calculate distance?

A

Time delay multiplied by speed of light

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