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Matter And Energy > Waves And Energy > Flashcards

Waves And Energy Flashcards

1
Q

A periodic back-and-forth motion, or oscillation, that transmits energy

A

Wave

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2
Q

A substance through which a wave transfers its energy

A

Medium

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3
Q

A ripple of disturbance

A

Wave pulse

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4
Q

A series of waves

A

Wave train

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5
Q

High point of a wave train

A

Crest

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6
Q

Low point of a wave train

A

Trough

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7
Q

Waves in which particles of the transmitting medium oscillate at right angles to the direction of wave travel

A

Transverse Waves

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8
Q

Waves in which particles of the transmitting medium oscillate in the direction of wave motion

A

Longitudinal waves

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9
Q

A pulse of a longitudinal wave in which particles of the transmitting medium are squeezed together

A

Compression pulse

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10
Q

The pulse of a longitudinal wave in which particles of the transmitting medium are spread

A

Rarefaction

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11
Q

What constitutes single longitudinal wave

A

A compression pulse and rarefaction pulse

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12
Q

An oscillation caused by a restorative force that is proportional to the displacement from equilibrium

A

Simple harmonic force

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13
Q

The length of a single wave

A

Wavelength

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14
Q

The maximum distance that particles are displaced by a wave

A

Amplitude

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15
Q

The number of waves that pass a given point per unit time

A

Frequency

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16
Q

A time needed for one cycle to pass

A

Period

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17
Q

Formula for frequency

A

Frequency = Waves\Time

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18
Q

Formula for period

A

Period= Time/Waves

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19
Q

Speed does not change as long as what doesn’t change

A

The medium

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20
Q

The relationship between speed, wavelength, and frequency

A

(Directly proportional) Speed= Wavelength x Frequency

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21
Q

Device used to demonstrate the behavior of waves

A

Ripple tank

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22
Q

Boundary of each wave crest

A

Wave front

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23
Q

The change in the course of a wave as a result of a collision with an object or boundary

A

Reflection

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24
Q

Waves that strike the obstacle

A

Incident waves

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25
Q

Waves that bounce off the object

A

Reflected waves

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26
Q

Law that states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection

A

Law of Reflection

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27
Q

The bending path of a wave as a result of a change in wave speed

A

Refraction

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28
Q

What do refracted waves always bend toward

A

The medium that slows them down

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29
Q

The spreading out of a wave after it passes through a narrow opening

A

Diffraction

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30
Q

What causes a wave to spread out evenly when the opening is roughly equal to one wavelength

A

Diffraction

31
Q

The reinforcement or cancellation that occurs when two or more waves meet

A

Interference

32
Q

The form of interference which occurs when two crests or two troughs meet

A

Constructive interference

33
Q

The form of interference that occurs when a crest meets a trough

A

Destructive interference

34
Q

Vibrations traveling through a medium in the form of longitudinal pressure waves

A

Sound

35
Q

The strength of a sound wave

A

Intensity

36
Q

The relationship between the intensity of a sound and the square of its distance

A

Inversely proportional

37
Q

The effect of the intensity on the way the human ear perceives sound

A

Loudness

38
Q

A measure of sound intensity that better reflects percieved loudness

A

Sound intensity level

39
Q

The effect of frequency on the way the human ear perceives sound

A

Pitch

40
Q

Sound that can be heard

A

Audible sound

41
Q

Sounds with pitches below the audible range

A

Infrasonic

42
Q

Sounds with pitches above the audible range

A

Ultrasonic

43
Q

Change in frequency caused by an object’s motion

A

Doppler effect

44
Q

What does the Doppler effect depend on

A

Relative motion

45
Q

Main factor affecting the speed of sound in air

A

Temperature

46
Q

Formula for speed of sound

A

(Simplified) v= 331 m/s +0.61 x T

47
Q

Speeds above the speed of sound

A

Supersonic

48
Q

Speeds below the speed of sound

A

Subsonic

49
Q

Loud noise left by a shockwave

A

Sonic boom

50
Q

Violent compression pulse produced by constructive interference between waves produced by an object moving at supersonic speeds

A

Shock wave

51
Q

Multiple reflections that cause persistence of sound

A

Reverberation

52
Q

A sound heard distinctly after being reflected from some object

A

Echo

53
Q

Sound Navigation and Ranging

A

Sonar

54
Q

The procedure for calculating distance by measuring the time interval that elapses between the sending of a sound wave the return of an echo

A

Echo ranging

55
Q

The process of dissipating the energy of sound waves in matter

A

Absorption

56
Q

The study of sound

A

Acoustics

57
Q

What do sound waves always bend toward

A

The medium that slows them down

58
Q

A series of organized sound waves with the specific pitches that have been deliberately arranged

A

Music

59
Q

Random sound with no intended pattern

A

Noise

60
Q

A sound of definite pitch

A

Note

61
Q

The difference in pitch between a note and a second note that has twice the frequency of the first note

A

Octave

62
Q

Result of two musical notes interfering harmoniously

A

Consonance

63
Q

Result of two musical notes interfering in a disagreeable way

A

Dissonance

64
Q

Musical distance between two notes

A

Interval

65
Q

Burst of louder sound occurring when interfering sound waves are perceived as a single pulsating sound

A

Beat

66
Q

The sound with the lowest frequency

A

Fundamental

67
Q

Sounds produced at higher frequencies than the fundamental

A

Overtones

68
Q

Series showing the frequency relationships between a fundamental and its overtones

A

Harmonic series

69
Q

How do you find the ideal frequency of a harmonic

A

Multiplying the frequency of the fundamental by the number of the harmonic

70
Q

Sound quality of a musical instrument

A

Timbre

71
Q

The set of frequencies at which an object vibrates

A

Natural frequencies

72
Q

Situation in which a driving frequency of an object is the same as one of the object’s natural frequency

A

Resonance

73
Q

Opening in a hollow-bodied musical instrument that reverberates the sound waves produced by the instrument to make the sound wave louder by resonance

A

Resonator

Matter And Energy (1 decks)

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