Waves Flashcards

0
Q

Number of oscillations per unit time

A

Frequency

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1
Q

Maximum displacement from equilibrium position

A

Amplitude

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2
Q

Time taken for one complete oscillation

A

Period

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3
Q

Angle to describe of different stages of oscillatory cycle

A

Phase difference

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4
Q

Restoring force is proportional to displacement and directed towards equilibrium

A

SHM

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5
Q

Gradual loss of energy of an oscillator due to resistance forces

A

Damping

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6
Q

Increase of amplitude when forced to oscillate at natural frequency

A

Resonance

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7
Q

Wave for which points along the wave is at 90 degrees to direction of energy propagation

A

Transverse

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8
Q

Displacement is parallel to energy propagation

A

Longitudinal

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9
Q

A way of transferring energy and momentum

A

Wave

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10
Q

Can travel in vacuum

A

Electromagnetic waves

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11
Q

A wave is associated with a … And travels in a medium (can be vacuum)

A

Disturbance

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12
Q

Speed of .. Determined by properties of the medium (tension and mass per unit length) and not how the wave is created.

A

Wave pulse

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13
Q

Created if one pulse after another is created

A

Travelling wave

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14
Q

Wave moves forward a distance equal to

A

Wavelength

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15
Q

Surface through crests and normal to the direction of propagation of the wave

16
Q

Lines in the direction of propagation of the wave

17
Q

Rays are radial lines on … Wavefronts

A

Cylindrical

18
Q

The displacement at a point is the algebraic sum of the individual displacements

A

Superposition

19
Q

Pulse changes in direction and is inverted when

20
Q

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of…

A

Reflection

21
Q

Relates the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction to the speed of the wave in the two media

A

Snells law

22
Q

Applicable to light only, n1sinx1=n2sinx2

A

Index of refraction

23
Q

Angles of the same angles of incidence but different wavelengths are refracted by different angles

A

Dispersion

24
Spreading of a wave as it goes past an obstacle or through an aperture
Diffraction
25
In diffraction; if aperture is very small, as if only one point in the wavefront will act as a source of waves, these will be circular, and the wave will spread
Huygens principle
26
Many points on the wavefront will act as sources of secondary waves and these will tend to be planar
If the aperture is large
27
Result of superposition of two waves. Demonstrated by Young
Interference
28
If path difference is an integral multiple of the period of the wave
Constructive interference
29
If path difference is a half integral multiple of the period; waves cancel out and are observed as zero wave
Destructive interference
30
Change in frequency of wave received by an observer compared to the frequency with which it was emitted
Doppler effect
31
When two waves of the same speed, wavelength and amplitude travelling in opposite directions meet, ... Is formed
Standing wave
32
Difference between travelling and standing wave
No momentum is transferred
33
Standing wave with both ends fixed; wavelength = 2L
Fundamental
34
When both ends are fixed, wavelengths satisfy
2L / n
35
When one end is fixed and the other is free,
Wavelength = 4L / n
36
Both ends are free, wavelength
2L / n