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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Wavelength

A

Distance from one peak to the next

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2
Q

Frequency

A

How many complete waves there are per second

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3
Q

Amplitude

A

Height of the wave

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4
Q

Time period

A

How long it takes for one complete wave

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5
Q

Transverse

A

The waves vibrate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

Longitudinal

A

The waves vibrate parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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7
Q

EM waves

A

-radio waves
-microwaves
-infrared
-visible light
-ultraviolet
-X-Ray
-gamma
(increasing frequency)

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8
Q

Colours of EM

A

-red
-orange
-yellow
-green
-blue
-indigo
-violet
(Richard of York gave battle in vain)

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9
Q

Waves

A

Waves are caused by repeated vibrations that transfer energy and information without transferring matter

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10
Q

Radio waves

A
  • communications

- broadcasting

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11
Q

Microwave

A
  • cooking
  • satellite transmission
  • internal heating of body tissue
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12
Q

Infrared

A
  • heaters
  • night vision equipment
  • skin burns (prevent with reflective clothing)
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13
Q

Visible light

A
  • optical fibres
  • photography
  • periscopes
  • eye damage
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14
Q

Ultraviolet

A
  • fluorescent lamps
  • skin cancer
  • blindness
  • damage surface cells
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15
Q

X-Ray

A
  • observing internal structure of objects

- cancer

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16
Q

Gamma

A
  • sterilise food and medical equipment
  • cancer (lead shielding and wear a film badge)
  • kill cells
  • tissue damage
17
Q

TAG

A
  • towards normal
  • air
  • glass
18
Q

Human hearing

A

20-20000Hz

19
Q

Refraction

A

When a wave enters a different medium and changes speed/direction

20
Q

i < c

A

Refraction and some internal reflection

21
Q

i = c

A

Emerging Ray comes out along the surface and some internal reflection

22
Q

i > c

A

TIR

23
Q

Critical angle

A

The angle when the angle of refraction is 90 degrees

24
Q

Optical fibres

A
  • central core surrounded by cladding

- light always hits greater than C

25
Q

Sound

A
  • longitudinal waves caused by virbrations
  • travel as a series of compressions
  • can’t travel in a vacuum
  • travels faster in denser mediums
26
Q

Speed of sound

A
  • oscilloscope
  • signal generator
  • two microphones
  • 340ms-1
27
Q

How to improve digital signal strength

A
  • multiplexing
  • increase bandwidth
  • quantisation
  • increase bit rate
28
Q

Advantages of digital signal

A
  • can carry more information
  • easier to reduce noise
  • maintain quality over longer distances

Physics (16 decks)

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