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Core Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a transverse wave?

A

When the vibrations are perpendicular (90) to the direction of energy transfer of the wave

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2
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

When the vibrations are parallel to the direction of energy transfer of the wave

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3
Q

What is the electromagnetic spectrum?

A 
Radio waves 
Micro waves 
Infrared 
Visible light 
Ultra violet 
X Ray 
Gamma rays
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4
Q

What is the order of the electromagnetic spectrum based on?

A

Increasing frequency and energy
Decreasing wavelength

EMs with a higher frequency have a shorter wavelength

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5
Q

What is the wavelength of the EM spectrum between?

A

10 to the power -16 metres and 10 to the power 4 metres

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6
Q

What is the speed of the EM waves I’m a vacuum

A

3x10 to the power 8m/s

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7
Q

What are the used of radio waves?

A

Communicating
Broadcasts
Radar

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8
Q

What are the uses of microwaves?

A

Satellite communication

Cooking

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9
Q

What are the uses of infrared?

A

Cooking
Remotes
Thermal imaging
Optical fibres

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10
Q

What are the uses of visible light?

A

Optical fibres

Endoscopes

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11
Q

What are the uses of ultraviolet?

A

Security markings
Identifying forged bank notes
Fluorescent tubing

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12
Q

What are the uses of X-Ray’s?

A

Medical imaging

Airport security

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13
Q

What are the uses of gamma rays?

A

Radio therapy

Sterilise medical equipment

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14
Q

What are the dangers of radio waves?

A

None

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15
Q

What are the dangers of microwaves?

A

Heating water in tissues=burning

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16
Q

What are the dangers of infrared?

A

Causes burning in human tissue

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17
Q

What are the dangers of visible light?

A

Activates sensitive cells in the retina

18
Q

What are the dangers of ultra violet?

A

High=kills cells

Low=causes cancer

19
Q

What are the dangers of X rays?

A

High=kills cells

Low=causes cancer

20
Q

What are the dangers of gamma rays?

A

High=kills cells

Low=causes cancer

21
Q

What is a virtual image?

A

An image that cannot be projected such as the one in a mirror

22
Q

What is frequency

A

The number of waves per second

23
Q

What are the rules about a virtual image?

A

The image is the same size as the object
The image is the same distance away
The image is upright
It is laterally inverted

24
Q

What type of waves are sound waves?

A

Longitudinal

25
Q

What are echoes?

A

Echoes are reflected waves of sound

26
Q

When are sound waves reflected?

A

When they meet hard flat surfaces

27
Q

When are sound waves refracted?

A

When they enter denser material they speed up

28
Q

What is high and low frequency?

A

Low frequency=low pitch and short wavelength

High frequency=high pitch and long wavelength

29
Q

What determines the loudness of the sound?

A

The amplitude of the sound wave, the bigger the amplitude the louder the sound

30
Q

How to know amplitude?

A

The distance between the centre line and top of crest

31
Q

How to know wavelength?

A

The distance between any point on one wave to the same point on the next wave along

32
Q

What are examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves and ultrasound waves
Shock waves e.g. Seismic waves
A slinky spring when you push the end

33
Q

What are examples of transverse waves?

A

Light and all other EM waves
Ripples on water
Waves on strings
A slinky wiggled up and down

34
Q

What does loudness depend on?

A

Amplitude

The bigger the amplitude the louder the sound

35
Q

How can long radio waves be transmitted over a large distance?
1-10km

A

The long wavelength diffracts around the curves earths surface meaning signals can be received even if the receiver isn’t in line with the transmitter

35
Q

How can short wave radio signals be transmitted over long distances? 10m-100m

A

They’re reflected from the ionosphere (an electrically charged layer in the earths upper atmosphere)

Médium eave signals can also do this depending on atmospheric conditions and the time of day

35
Q

How do micro waves work?

A

Signal from a transmitter is transmitted into space
It is picked up by a satellite receiver dish orbiting the earth
The satellite transmits the signal back to earth in a different direction where it’s received by a satellite dish on the ground

36
Q

Where does sound travel faster and where can’t it travel?

A

Faster in solids

Can’t travel In a vacuum

37
Q

What is frequency in sound?

A

The number of complete vibrations per second

38
Q

How is visible light used for photography?

A

Cameras use a lens to Focus visible light onto the light sensitive film

Core Physics (7 decks)

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