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GCSE Physics 🪐 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do waves transfer?

A

Energy without transferring matter

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of waves?

A

Transfers and longitudinal

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3
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of travel and energy transfer

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4
Q

Examples of transverse waves

A

Radio, microwave, light

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5
Q

What are longitudinal waves?

A

Oscillations are parallel to the direction ration of travel and energy transfer

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6
Q

What do longitudinal waves have that transverse waves don’t?

A

Compressions and rare fractions

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7
Q

Examples of longitudinal waves

A

Sound, p-waves

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8
Q

What is wavelength?

A

Length of 1 complete wave

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9
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Maximum displacement between from equilibrium

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10
Q

What is frequency?

A

Number of complete waves per second

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11
Q

What is a period?

A

Time taken for a whole wave to completely pass a single point

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12
Q

What is a wavefront?

A

The plane in which the wave travels (ie. The direction of the wave)

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13
Q

Velocity Equation:

A

Velocity = frequency x wavelength

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14
Q

What is frequency measured in?

A

Hertz

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15
Q

What is wavelength measured in?

A

Metres

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16
Q

Wave speed equation:

A

Wave speed= frequency x wavelength

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17
Q

What happens if you increase frequency?

A

Velocity increased

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18
Q

What happens if you increase wavelength?

A

Velocity increases

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19
Q

What is the relationship between period and frequency?

A

Period is inversely proportional to frequency

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20
Q

What happens if it’s a smaller period?

A

Higher frequency and greater velocity

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21
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

330m/s

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22
Q

How can we use echo to measure sound?

A

Allows us to measure sound over a greater distance

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23
Q

What do you need to take into account when using echo to measure sound?

A

Double the distance as echo is there and back
Or half the time as echo takes time to go there and back

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24
Q

What can we use to investigate wave speed?

A

Ripple tank

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25
Q

When light meets a boundary, what 3 things can happen?

A
  1. Reflection
  2. Transmission
  3. Absorption
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26
Q

What does it mean when a light wave is reflected?

A

The waves bounce off the material

27
Q

What does it mean when a light wave is transmitted?

A

The waves passes through the material

28
Q

What does it mean when a light wave is absorbed?

A

Energy is transferred to the material

29
Q

What is the Law Of Reflection?

A

Angle of incidence = the angle of reflection

30
Q

What does the Law Of Reflection mean?

A

That wave speed, wave length and frequency DON’T change

31
Q

Reflection practical: How can we improve the experiment and why do we need to?

A

Human error when drawing the dots and crosses (which indicate the light ray) as the line is quick thick. This makes it hard to judge the centre of the ray.
To improve, use a laser light or smaller slit to make the ray thinner and easier to draw.

32
Q

What is refraction?

A

When waves change speed at the interface between materials

33
Q

When light goes from air to glass its direction…
This is because…
As a result, it’s speed….. bending the wave ……… the normal.

A

Moves towards the normal
As it moves from a less dense to a more dense material
Decreases
Towards

34
Q

When light goes from glass to air its direction…
This is because…
As a result, it’s speed….. bending the wave ……… the normal.

A

Moves away from the normal
As it moves from a more dense to a less dense material
Increases
Away from

35
Q

When light enters the air or glass along the normal, what happens?

A

Nothing changes

36
Q

What is infrasound?

A

Any sound wave less than 20 Hz

37
Q

What are the 2 types of seismic waves?

A

Primary and secondary waves

38
Q

What type of wave is a p wave?

A

Longitudinal

39
Q

How fast is a p wave?

A

Fast

40
Q

What medium do p waves travel through?

A

Liquid
Solid

41
Q

What effect do p waves have on buildings?

A

Vibrate up and down

42
Q

What type of wave is an S wave?

A

Transverse

43
Q

What is the speed of S wave?

A

Slow

44
Q

What medium do S waves travel through?

A

Solids

45
Q

What effect does s waves have on buildings?

A

Vibrate back and forth

46
Q

What is the S wave shadow?

A

No S waves reached
Becaus can’t transmit through liquid as they are transverse suggesting the outer core contains lucid

47
Q

What is the p wave shadow?

A

Doesn’t get any p waves

2 wave shadows prove ty middle solid core as p waves can travel through solid and liquid but because of different mediums and therefore speeds they refract creating the shadows

48
Q

What is frequency?

A

Number of complete waves per second

49
Q

What is amplitude?

A

Maximum displacement from equilibrium

50
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

Length of 1 complete waves per

51
Q

What frequency in

A

Hertz

52
Q

What’s amplitude measured in?

A

Metres

53
Q

What is range of human hearing?

A

The range of human hearing is 20 - 20 000 Hz

54
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Any sound above 20 000 Hz

55
Q

Benefits of ultrasound:

A

Locate water hazards
Prenatal scanning
Less invasive
Safer as no radiation

56
Q

Cons of ultrasound:

A

Can produce pressure oscillations in tissue
Doesn’t tafvel well through bones in head or lungs

57
Q

What’s sonar?

A

Sound navigation and ranging
A sign,a is sent out and time taken for source and back again as its reflects (echo location)

58
Q

Uses of ultrasound:

A

Depth evaluation
Sonar
Prenatal scanning l
Animals eg. Dolphins and dogs
Ultrasound imaging

59
Q

F=

A

1 over time period

60
Q

What is a time period

A

Time for complete wave

61
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction is the change in speed of a wave as it reaches a boundary between two media, usually resulting in a change in direction (if it enters at an angle).

62
Q

What is refraction?

A

Refraction is the change in speed of a wave as it reaches a boundary between two media, usually resulting in a change in direction (if it enters at an angle).

63
Q

How does sound travel from the ear drum to the cochlea?

A

Vibrations of air particles are transmitted down the ear canal to the ear drum.
The ear drum vibrates with the same frequency as the air particles hitting it.
The ear drum is connected to the three bones: the hammer, anvil and stirrup. These pick up and amplify the vibrations. The stirrup vibrates the cochlea. (… inside which the vibrating fluid causes a membrane with tiny hairs on to vibrate, converting the mechanical vibrations into electrical signals which are passed down the auditory nerve to the brain.)

64
Q

How does the human ear work?

A
  1. The outer ear collects the sound which travels into the ear
  2. The sound waves cause the eardrum to vibrate at the same frequency
  3. This is amplified by three ossicles (small bones)
  4. This causes the hair in the cochlea to vibrate
  5. The cochlea converts the vibrations into electrical signals
  6. The signals are passed to brain through the auditory nerve
  7. The brain converts the electrical signals into sound

GCSE Physics 🪐 (4 decks)

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