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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a wave transfer?

A

Energy (from one place to another)

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2
Q

What causes a wave?

A

A vibration

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3
Q

What is the definition of a transverse wave?

A

The vibration causing a transverse wave is perpendicular to the direction of travel of the wave

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4
Q

What is the definition of a longitudinal wave?

A

The vibration causing a longitudinal wave is parallel to the direction of travel of the wave

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5
Q

Give 3 examples of longitudinal waves.

A

Sound, ultrasound and primary earthquake (P) waves

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6
Q

Give 3 examples of transverse waves.

A

Water waves, all EM waves and secondary earthquake (E) waves

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7
Q

What is a compression?

A

When particles in a longitudinal wave are closest together

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8
Q

What is a rarefaction?

A

When particles in a longitudinal wave are furthest apart

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

What is the amplitude?

A

The maximum displacement of a wave from its equilibrium position

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11
Q

What is the wavelength?

A

The distance from a point on one wave to the same point on the next wave

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12
Q

What is the frequency?

A

The number of waves passing a point each second

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13
Q

What are the units of wave speed, wavelength and frequency?

A

Wave speed - m/s, wavelength - m, frequency - Hz

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14
Q

What is the wave speed equation?

A

v = λ T

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15
Q

What speed do EM waves travel at?

A

300,000,000 m/s (speed of light)

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16
Q

What speed does sound travel at?

A

330 m/s

17
Q

List the EM waves in order from longest to shortest wavelength

A

Radio, microwave, infra-red, visible, ultra-violet, x-ray, gamma

18
Q

Which EM wave has the highest frequency?

A

Gamma

19
Q

Which EM wave has the most energy?

A

Gamma

20
Q

Which 3 EM waves are ionising?

A

Ultra-violet, x-ray and gamma

21
Q

What happens when light travels from air into a glass block?

A

It refracts towards the normal as glass is more dense than air

22
Q

What happens when light travels from a glass block into air?

A

It refracts away from the normal as air is less dense than glass

23
Q

What is the law of reflection?

A

The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

24
Q

What is a danger of ultra-violet radiation?

A

Increase the risk of skin cancer and cataracts

25
Q

What is a danger of x-rays and gamma rays?

A

They are both ionising radiation that can cause the mutation of genes and cancer

26
Q

What are radio waves used for?

A

TV and radio transmission

27
Q

What are microwaves used for?

A

Satellite communication (they pass through atmosphere well) and for cooking food

28
Q

What is infra-red used for?

A

Electric heaters, cooking food and infrared cameras

29
Q

What is visible light used for?

A

Fibre optic communications, visible light microscopes

30
Q

What is ultra-violet used for?

A

Detecting fake money, sun tanning

31
Q

What are x-rays used for?

A

Medical imaging and security scanning

32
Q

What are gamma rays used for?

A

Medical treatment (radiotherapy)

Physics (3 decks)

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