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S2 Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What do all waves transfer?

A

Energy.

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2
Q

What do some waves transfer?

A

Information.

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3
Q

What do no waves transfer?

A

Matter.

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4
Q

What are some examples of waves that transfer information?

A

Sound, microwaves, radio waves.

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5
Q

What are mechanical waves?

A

Waves produced by disturbance in material medium.

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6
Q

What do mechanical waves require?

A

Matter.

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7
Q

What are some examples of mechanical waves?

A

Water waves, sound waves, primary + secondary E.Q. waves.

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of progressive waves?

A

Transverse waves.
Longitudinal waves.

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9
Q

What are transverse waves?

A

Waves in which the particles vibrate up and down, so the direction of their movement is at right angles to the direction of waves travel.

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10
Q

What are some examples of transverse waves?

A

Water waves.
Secondary earthquake waves.
7 regions of EM spectrum.

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11
Q

What do transverse waves look like?

A

A slinky by moving one end up and down.

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12
Q

What is a longitudinal wave?

A

A wave in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction of wave travel.

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13
Q

What do longitudinal waves look like?

A

A slinky by moving one end left and right.

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14
Q

What is the name of the section where the wave is pushed together in a longitudinal wave?

A

Compressions.

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15
Q

What is the name of the section where the wave is stretched out in a longitudinal wave?

A

Rare fractions.

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16
Q

What is the wavelength of a longitudinal wave?

A

Distance between two matching points on neighbouring waves.

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17
Q

What is the symbol used to represent wavelength?

A

Lambda.

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18
Q

What are some examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves.
Ultrasound waves.
Primary earthquake waves.

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19
Q

What is the equation for the speed of a wave?

A

v = d / t OR v = lambda / T

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20
Q

What is the equation for frequency?

A

F = 1 / T

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21
Q

What is the equation for a wave?

A

v = f x lambda

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22
Q

What is the equation for echo principle?

A

s = d / t

NEVER

s = depth / t

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23
Q

What are the applications of echos?

A
  1. Measuring depth of water from ship.
  2. Measuring presence of fish beneath fishing ship.
  3. Measuring speed of driver using speed gun.
24
Q

What is the speed of sound in air?

A

330m/s or 3 football fields per second.

25
Q

What is the speed of light?

A

3x10^8m/s.

26
Q

How does sound travel?

A

When something is struck, it vibrates causing the air beside it to vibrate, creating a chain reaction. The compression and stretching of air particles creates a sound wave which is carried through the air to your ear.

27
Q

What is your hearing range?

A

The range of frequencies you can hear.

20Hz to 20,000Hz.

28
Q

What does a low number of waves mean?

A

Low frequency.

29
Q

What does a high number of waves mean?

A

High frequency.

30
Q

What does a large amplitude mean?

A

Wave is loud.

31
Q

What does a small amplitude mean?

A

Wave is quiet.

32
Q

What is ultrasound?

A

Any frequency above 20,000Hz which cannot be heard by humans.

33
Q

What are the 2 uses of ultrasound?

A
  1. Measure the foetal head diameter.
  2. To detect defects in metals in industry.
34
Q

What are EM (electromagnetic) waves?

A

Waves produced by disturbance in the form of a varying electric and magnetic field.

35
Q

What type of wave are electromagnetic waves?

A

Transverse waves made up of electric and magnetic fields.

36
Q

How fast are EM waves in a vacuum (space)?

A

300,000,000m/s

E.g 7.5 times around equator per second

37
Q

What similarity do all EM waves share?

A

Travel at same speed.

38
Q

What is a difference EM waves all have?

A

Can carry different amounts of energy.

39
Q

How does the amount of energy carried by an EM wave depend on the wavelength?

A

Shorter the wavelength, higher it’s energy.

40
Q

How are the wavelength and frequency linked properties of a wave?

A

Shorter the wavelength, higher its frequency.

41
Q

What does the frequency tell you about the energy of a wave?

A

Higher its frequency, higher the energy.

42
Q

What is the order of EM waves from largest wavelength?

A

Radio waves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible light
UV
X-rays
Gamma rays

43
Q

What changes occur down the EM spectrum?

A

Smaller wavelength
Higher frequency and energy

44
Q

What happens when waves hit a surface?

A

They can be reflected, absorbed or transmitted.

45
Q

How the waves behave when it hits a surface depends on what?

A

Their energy and type of material.

E.g light waves are reflected by skin but x-rays pass straight through.

46
Q

What happens to EM waves if they are absorbed?

A

Some of their energy is absorbed by the material. Usually increases the temperature of the material.

47
Q

What happens when waves are reflected?

A

Some of their energy may also be absorbed by the material.

48
Q

What surfaces are good reflectors of light waves?

A

Shiny surfaces.

E.g a mirror.

49
Q

What are the uses of radio waves?

A

Bluetooth and radios in cars.

50
Q

What are the uses of microwaves?

A

Heating food and mobile phones.

51
Q

What are the uses of infrared?

A

Sensors on cars for reversing and heating food in toasters.

52
Q

What are the uses of visible light?

A

Seeing things.

53
Q

What are the uses of UV (ultraviolet)?

A

Detecting forced bank notes.

54
Q

What are the uses of x-rays?

A

Detecting broken bones.

55
Q

What are the uses of gamma rays?

A

Medical imaging such as PET scans.

56
Q

What are the dangers of EM waves?

A

Microwaves cause internal heating of body tissue.

Infrared radiation is felt as heat and causes skin burns.

Certain wavelengths of UV can damage skin cells and lead to skin cancer.

Intense visible light can damage eyes.

X-rays and gamma can damage cells, which may lead to cancer.

S2 Physics (2 decks)

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