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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the roles of waves

A

Transfer energy from one place to another

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2
Q

How to waves move

A

They Oscillate

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3
Q

What is the time period of a wave

A

The time it takes for one complete oscillation

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4
Q

Wave speed formula

A

Wave speed = Frequency x wavelength

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5
Q

Transverse wave movement

A

Oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer

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6
Q

Examples of transverse waves

A

Light waves, physical waves

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7
Q

Longitudinal waves movement

A

Oscillations that are parallel to the direction of energy transfer

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8
Q

Longitudinal waves example

A

Sound waves and seismic waves

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9
Q

In reflection, angle of i = ?

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

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10
Q

What is the normal

A

A line perpendicular from the surface

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11
Q

What is specular reflection

A

When the surface is flat and the normals are all in the same direction creating a clear image e.g. mirrors

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12
Q

What is scattered reflection

A

The surface is bumpy, normals are all different meaning we can’t see ourselves in the reflection

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13
Q

What is refraction

A

When waves change direction as they pass from a medium to new medium e.g. air into glass

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14
Q

What direction does the wave go when it enters a higher medium

A

The wave direction goes towards the normal

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15
Q

What direction does wave go when entering higher medium in a straight line

A

Continues in a straight line

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16
Q

What is the first step when drawing a ray diagram

A

Draw the normal at the point of incidence

17
Q

What is the ray called in the more dense medium

A

Refracted ray

18
Q

When ray goes from denser medium to less dense medium, what happens

A

It speeds up and bends away from the normal

19
Q

What happens when white light is put through a triangular prism

A

The different colours of the rainbow bend at different degrees as they have different wave lengths

20
Q

What is the law of refraction

A

When a wave enters a new medium, it changes direction

21
Q

Law of reflection

A

Angle of incidence = angle of reflection

22
Q

What are the conditions needed to TIR (Total internal reflection)

A

Angle of incidence > critical angle
-Going from a high refractive index to a low refractive index

23
Q

Use of total internal reflection

A

Used in optical fibers
Used in cameras during keyhole surgery

24
Q

What is the critical angle

A

The angle of incidence when the ray of refraction is 90 degrees, the ray causes TIR.

25
Q

Describe the relationship between wavelength and refractive index for colours of the visible spectrum

A

-Refractive index decreases with an increasing wavelength

-Colours with a shorter wavelength refract more and bend more towards the normal.

26
Q

What is meant by a frequency of 40kHz

A

-40,000 waves in one second.

27
Q

Differences between sound and light waves

A

-Sound waves are longitudinal so they travel parallel to their source

-Light waves are transverse so they oscillate perpendicular to their source

-Light can travel in a vaccum, sound cannot.

28
Q

Frequency range for human hearing

A

20Hz-20,000 Hz

29
Q

Give the name of the device that detects ultrasound waves

A

A microphone

30
Q

Describe how an oscilloscope is used to measure time period of ultrasound waves

A

-Adjust oscilloscope to obtain steady trace

-Adjust the time base to display one cycle of wave.

-Multiply the number of squares for one cycle by time base.

31
Q

What is meant by the term total internal reflection.

A

When all the light is reflected and the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle.

32
Q

Explain the path of a ray of light through an optical fibre

A

-Total internal reflection
-Because optical fibre has higher refractive index than air
-Angle of i is greater than critical angle

33
Q

Uses of gamma rays

A

-Sterilizing medical equipment

-Radiotherapy

-Treating cancer

34
Q

Relationship between frequency and wavelength when wave at constant speed

A

-As one increases, the other decreases
(Non-linear)

35
Q

Which colour on visible spectrum has the shortest wavelength

A

Violet

36
Q

Dangers of ultraviolet radiation

A

-It can damage skin cells leading to skin cancer

37
Q

Harmful effect of microwaves

A

-Can cause internal heating of body

Physics (28 decks)

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