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Applied science PHY > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

define electromagnetic waves

A

oscillations, electrical or magnetic fields, through spaces (no material needed)
eg. electromagnetic spectrum

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2
Q

define mechanical waves

A

waves that pass through a material and vibrates the material
eg. sound waves, seismic waves, strings

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3
Q

define transverse waves

A

oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel

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4
Q

define longitudinal waves

A

occurs when the medium moves parallel to the direction of the travel

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5
Q

labels on a longitudinal wave diagram

A

compression, rarefaction

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6
Q

labels on a transverse wave diagram

A

wavelength, amplitude, crest, trough, velocity of propagation

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7
Q

define time period

A

time taken for one wavelength to pass a point (s)

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8
Q

define frequency

A

number of wavelengths passing the same point per second (Hz)

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9
Q

define oscillation

A

back and fourth motions about a midpoint

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10
Q

define wavelength

A

distance between 2 identical point on a wave (m)

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11
Q

define amplitude

A

maximum displacement of a wave from the midpoint to the top of the crest

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12
Q

define wave

A

method of transferring energy from one place to another without transferring matter

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13
Q

define medium

A

matter a wave travels through

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14
Q

define wave propagation

A

any of the ways a wave travels

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15
Q

most ____ need mediums to exist

A

waves

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16
Q

_______________ waves may occur in a vacuum + material _______

A

electromagnetic, medium

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17
Q

_______ mostly depends on _______ of the medium

A

velocity, density

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18
Q

wave equation

A

v=fλ ms−1 = Hz x m

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19
Q

define rarefaction waves

A

change in direction of waves as they pass from one ,medium to another

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20
Q

rarefaction index equation

A

n=sin i/sin r

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21
Q

define reflection

A

occurs when light traveling through one material bounces off a different material

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22
Q

Define principle superposition

A

Whenever 2 waves are travelling in the same region the total displacement to any point is equal to the very tor sim of their displacements at any point

Waves either add together (constructive) on cancel out (destructive)

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23
Q

Define wave interference phenomenon

A

2 waves meet while travelling along same medium

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24
Q

What coherence measures

A

Ability of waves to interfere with eachother
Constructive produces bright light
Destructive isn’t coherent does produce light

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25
Q

Phase difference
If waves start at same point what is phase difference

A

No phase difference

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26
Q

Wavelength depends on

A

Amount of diffraction

The longer the wavelength the longer the diffraction

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27
Q

Wave types in EM spectrum

A

Gamma X-ray ultraviolet visible light infrared microwave radio

28
Q

Speed of in em wave

A

3 x 10^8 ms-1

29
Q

What type of waves are em waves

A

Transverse

30
Q

How many groups of em waves

A

2

31
Q

What waves are in group 1

A

Gamma uv X-ray

32
Q

What waves are in group 2

A

Microwaves Infared visible

33
Q

Effects of group one

A

Heating and ionising

34
Q

Effects of group 2

A

Heating

35
Q

What is ionisation caused by

A

High frequency electromagnetic radiation that delivers large amounts of energy if it’s absorbed.

36
Q

What happens when em radiation ionoises an atom

A

The atom loses an electron and becomes and ion (positive charged particle)
These ions aren’t very reactive and can cause chemical reactions to occur that might lead to the damage of cell DNA that can cause mutations to occur

37
Q

Define coherence

A

A fixed relationship between the phase difference of waves

38
Q

Define refraction

A

A change in direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another

39
Q

What is excitation

A

Electrons absorbs energy and move to a higher energy level

40
Q

What is de-excite

A

Gives out energy (light) goes down an energy level

Photon = radiation

41
Q

Energy of emitted photon is

A

The difference between energy levels

hf = energy of photon emitted
hf = change in e
f = change in e / h
H = planks constant

42
Q

Define path difference

A

The difference in the distance travelled by two coherent waves to the same point

43
Q

Define diffraction grating

A

A screen with many slits close together

44
Q

How are bright spots formed by diffraction grating

A

Typical pattern produced by light passing though a diffraction grating shows maximum surrounded by minima and bright fringes in an alternating pattern

45
Q

How is emission spectra formed

A

By heating material causing electrons to jump to higher energy levels and then give off light as they fall back to a lower energy level

46
Q

What is Absorption spectrum

A

When passing light through a gas wavelengths will be absorbed as electrons gain energy causing certain wavelengths to be missing from the spectrum of light

47
Q

Define progressive wave

A

A wave that transfers energy from place to place

48
Q

Define stationary wave

A

A wave that stores energy instead of transferring it

49
Q

What is a node

A

A point on a stationary wave with zero displacement

50
Q

Define Resonance

A

When a stationary wave is produced in an object

51
Q

Define Natural frequency

A

The frequency which an form a stationary wave in an object

52
Q

Define driving force

A

An oscillation force that causes a resonance

53
Q

Define tension

A

The force pulling a string tight

54
Q

Why is communication satellite

A

An object that sits in an orbit above earth, relaying communication signals

55
Q

What is wifi

A

A wireless internet signal from a router connected to optical fibres

56
Q

What is Bluetooth

A

A signal connecting two selected devices over a short distance using signals or a similar frequency to wifi

57
Q

What is radio waves used for

A

Radio tv broadcast mobile phones

58
Q

What is infared waves used for

A

Cooking food, remote controls, thermal cameras

59
Q

What is visible light waves used for

A

Sight, illumination, cameras

60
Q

What is microwaves used for

A

Cooking food , radar

61
Q

What is ultraviolet waves used for

A

Tanning, blacklights

62
Q

What is X-ray waves used for

A

Medical imaging

63
Q

What is gamma rays waves used for

A

Medical imaging, radiotherapy, sterilisation

64
Q

How commas satellites works

A

Sits in orbit above earth
Microwaves are transmitted to satellites
Waves are retransmitted to earth
Allows microwaves ti he transited around curve of earth

65
Q

How phones communicate

A

Radio waves or microwaves frequencies transmit data
Signal sent to antenna
Antenna sends signal through a network to another antenna
Higher frequency signal aves transmit data quicker

66
Q

How Bluetooth and wifi work

A

Highly frequency radio waves transmit over short distances
Wifi continuously transmits Bluetooth is short distances

Applied science PHY (1 decks)

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