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Applied science PHY > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

define electromagnetic waves

A

oscillations, electrical or magnetic fields, through spaces (no material needed)
eg. electromagnetic spectrum

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2
Q

define mechanical waves

A

waves that pass through a material and vibrates the material
eg. sound waves, seismic waves, strings

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3
Q

define transverse waves

A

oscillations perpendicular to the direction of travel

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4
Q

define longitudinal waves

A

occurs when the medium moves parallel to the direction of the travel

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5
Q

labels on a longitudinal wave diagram

A

compression, rarefaction

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6
Q

labels on a transverse wave diagram

A

wavelength, amplitude, crest, trough, velocity of propagation

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7
Q

define time period

A

time taken for one wavelength to pass a point (s)

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8
Q

define frequency

A

number of wavelengths passing the same point per second (Hz)

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9
Q

define oscillation

A

back and fourth motions about a midpoint

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10
Q

define wavelength

A

distance between 2 identical point on a wave (m)

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11
Q

define amplitude

A

maximum displacement of a wave from the midpoint to the top of the crest

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12
Q

define wave

A

method of transferring energy from one place to another without transferring matter

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13
Q

define medium

A

matter a wave travels through

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14
Q

define wave propagation

A

any of the ways a wave travels

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15
Q

most ____ need mediums to exist

A

waves

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16
Q

_______________ waves may occur in a vacuum + material _______

A

electromagnetic, medium

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17
Q

_______ mostly depends on _______ of the medium

A

velocity, density

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18
Q

wave equation

A

v=fλ ms−1 = Hz x m

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19
Q

define rarefaction waves

A

change in direction of waves as they pass from one ,medium to another

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20
Q

rarefaction index equation

A

n=sin i/sin r

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21
Q

define reflection

A

occurs when light traveling through one material bounces off a different material

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22
Q

Define principle superposition

A

Whenever 2 waves are travelling in the same region the total displacement to any point is equal to the very tor sim of their displacements at any point

Waves either add together (constructive) on cancel out (destructive)

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23
Q

Define wave interference phenomenon

A

2 waves meet while travelling along same medium

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24
Q

What coherence measures

A

Ability of waves to interfere with eachother
Constructive produces bright light
Destructive isn’t coherent does produce light

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25
Phase difference If waves start at same point what is phase difference
No phase difference
26
Wavelength depends on
Amount of diffraction The longer the wavelength the longer the diffraction
27
Wave types in EM spectrum
Gamma X-ray ultraviolet visible light infrared microwave radio
28
Speed of in em wave
3 x 10^8 ms-1
29
What type of waves are em waves
Transverse
30
How many groups of em waves
2
31
What waves are in group 1
Gamma uv X-ray
32
What waves are in group 2
Microwaves Infared visible
33
Effects of group one
Heating and ionising
34
Effects of group 2
Heating
35
What is ionisation caused by
High frequency electromagnetic radiation that delivers large amounts of energy if it’s absorbed.
36
What happens when em radiation ionoises an atom
The atom loses an electron and becomes and ion (positive charged particle) These ions aren’t very reactive and can cause chemical reactions to occur that might lead to the damage of cell DNA that can cause mutations to occur
37
Define coherence
A fixed relationship between the phase difference of waves
38
Define refraction
A change in direction of a wave as it passes from one medium to another
39
What is excitation
Electrons absorbs energy and move to a higher energy level
40
What is de-excite
Gives out energy (light) goes down an energy level Photon = radiation
41
Energy of emitted photon is
The difference between energy levels hf = energy of photon emitted hf = change in e f = change in e / h H = planks constant
42
Define path difference
The difference in the distance travelled by two coherent waves to the same point
43
Define diffraction grating
A screen with many slits close together
44
How are bright spots formed by diffraction grating
Typical pattern produced by light passing though a diffraction grating shows maximum surrounded by minima and bright fringes in an alternating pattern
45
How is emission spectra formed
By heating material causing electrons to jump to higher energy levels and then give off light as they fall back to a lower energy level
46
What is Absorption spectrum
When passing light through a gas wavelengths will be absorbed as electrons gain energy causing certain wavelengths to be missing from the spectrum of light
47
Define progressive wave
A wave that transfers energy from place to place
48
Define stationary wave
A wave that stores energy instead of transferring it
49
What is a node
A point on a stationary wave with zero displacement
50
Define Resonance
When a stationary wave is produced in an object
51
Define Natural frequency
The frequency which an form a stationary wave in an object
52
Define driving force
An oscillation force that causes a resonance
53
Define tension
The force pulling a string tight
54
Why is communication satellite
An object that sits in an orbit above earth, relaying communication signals
55
What is wifi
A wireless internet signal from a router connected to optical fibres
56
What is Bluetooth
A signal connecting two selected devices over a short distance using signals or a similar frequency to wifi
57
What is radio waves used for
Radio tv broadcast mobile phones
58
What is infared waves used for
Cooking food, remote controls, thermal cameras
59
What is visible light waves used for
Sight, illumination, cameras
60
What is microwaves used for
Cooking food , radar
61
What is ultraviolet waves used for
Tanning, blacklights
62
What is X-ray waves used for
Medical imaging
63
What is gamma rays waves used for
Medical imaging, radiotherapy, sterilisation
64
How commas satellites works
Sits in orbit above earth Microwaves are transmitted to satellites Waves are retransmitted to earth Allows microwaves ti he transited around curve of earth
65
How phones communicate
Radio waves or microwaves frequencies transmit data Signal sent to antenna Antenna sends signal through a network to another antenna Higher frequency signal aves transmit data quicker
66
How Bluetooth and wifi work
Highly frequency radio waves transmit over short distances Wifi continuously transmits Bluetooth is short distances

Applied science PHY (1 decks)

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