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CCEA GCSE Physics Unit 2 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

Wave : definition

A

Waves transfer energy from one place to another

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2
Q

Transverse waves

A

Particles of the medium (air/water) vibrate (move to and fro) at right angles to the direction of travel of the wave

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3
Q

particles of the medium vibrate in the same direction as - ie parallel to - the direction of travel of the wave.

A

In longitudinal waves the particles of the medium vibrate in the same direction as - ie parallel to - the direction of travel of the wave.

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4
Q

Crest

A

High parts of a wave

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5
Q

Troughs

A

Low parts of waves

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6
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between any two successive peaks (or between any two successive troughs)

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7
Q

Amplitude

A

the height of a crest above the average level (or the depth of a trough below it)

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8
Q

Frequency

A

the number of waves per second - or the number of cycles per second or the number of oscillations per second.

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9
Q

What longitudinal waves have instead of peaks and troughs?

A

Compressions and rarefactions

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10
Q

Wave equation

A

Speed = frequency x wavelength

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11
Q

Frequency measurement

A

Hz

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12
Q

Wavelength measurement

A

M

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13
Q

What is used to change sound waves into electrical signals?

A

Microphone

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14
Q

What is the loudness of a sound measured by?

A

It’s amplitude

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15
Q

What is the pitch of a sound measured by?

A

Its frequency

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16
Q

Relationship between angle of incidence and angle of reflection

A

I = r

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17
Q

speed of waves in shallow water

A

Slow

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18
Q

Wavelength of waves in shallow water

A

Shorter

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19
Q

Frequency of waves in shallow water

A

The same

20
Q

Why does the speed of waves change in shallow water?

A

Cannot keep up increase friction in shallow water

21
Q

Echo

A

A sound wave is reflected off a hard surface

22
Q

How can we calculate how far away object are

A

Using echoes and the speed of sound

23
Q

Radar

A

An object detection system which uses radio waves to determine the range, altitude, direction or speed of objects

24
Q

How does radar work?

A

Radar dish or antenna transmits, pulses, radio, waves, or microwaves, which bounces off any object in their path
Object returns, tiny part of waves energy to dash/antenna, which is usually located at the same site as transmitter 

25
Q

Ultrasound

A

Signs which have a frequency above the range of human hearing

26
Q

Ultrasound

A

Ultrasonic sounds

27
Q

Ultrasound frequency

A

Above 20 kHz = 20,000 Hz

28
Q

Uses of ultrasound

A
  • medicine 👩‍⚕️
  • Industrial cleaning 🧼
  • sonar 🔊🐟 ⛴️
29
Q

Sonar uses

A
  • Depth of water 📏 🌊
  • detect shoals of fish 🐟
  • Warships use this to detect submarines ⛴️
30
Q

Medical uses of ultrasound

A
  • Ultrasonic scans
  • Break up kidney stones
  • Physiotherapy
31
Q

Ultrasonic scans

A
  • Build a picture of unborn baby in the womb
  • Safer than x-rays, x-rays damage body cells of mother and baby
32
Q

Industrial cleaning ultrasound

A

Some industrial processes make use of ultrasound dust is shake it off by vibrations

33
Q

What does sonar stand for?

A

SOund Navigation and Ranging

34
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Family of waves, which have several properties in common

35
Q

Similarities of electromagnetic spectrum waves

A
  • Can travel through a vacuum
  • Travel through a vacuum at the same speed (speed of light, 300,000,000 m/s)
  • Are all electromagnetic waves
36
Q

Gamma rays

A

Short wave lengths with high frequencies

37
Q

Radio waves

A

Long wavelength with low frequencies

38
Q

What increases as wave frequency increases?

A

Energy that waves carry

39
Q

What is part of the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

The visible spectrum

40
Q

High frequency radiation, danger

A

Causes more damage to living tissues

41
Q

Danger of microwaves

A

Can cause internal heating of body tissues

42
Q

Infrared radiation dangers

A

Felt as heat and can cause skin burns

43
Q

Certain wavelengths of ultraviolet light, dangers

A

Can damage skin cells and lead to skin cancer

44
Q

Intense visible light, dangers

A

Can damage eyes

45
Q

Dangers of x-rays and gamma rays

A

Damage cells which may lead to cancer 10 to damage the DNA in cells

46
Q

Dangers of large doses of radio waves

A
  • Believed to cause cancer, leukaemia, and other disorders
  • Some claim very low frequency radio waves from overhead power cables near homes has affected health. - not been reliably proven

CCEA GCSE Physics Unit 2 (3 decks)

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