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GCSE physics paper 2 > waves > Flashcards

waves Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the two types of waves

A

transverse and longitudinal

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2
Q

what do waves transfer?

A

they transfer energy from one place to another

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3
Q

what’s an example of transverse waves

A

ripples on water surface (transfer kinetic energy)

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4
Q

what’s an example of longitudinal waves

A

sound in air (transfer sound energy)

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5
Q

what do longitudinal waves require

A

medium to travel in

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6
Q

what do not all transverse waves require

A

medium

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7
Q

define amplitude

A

furthest point from undisturbed position

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8
Q

define wavelength

A

distance between indentical points of a wave

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9
Q

define frequency

A

the number of waves produced in a second

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10
Q

what’s the period equation

A

period (s) = 1/ frequency (Hz)

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11
Q

what’s the frequency rule

A

1 second = 1 Hertz Hz

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12
Q

what’s the wave equation

A

wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

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13
Q

define wave speed

A

speed at which energy is transferred

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14
Q

what’s an example of an EM wave

A

light

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15
Q

all EM waves are …

A

transverse

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16
Q

define EM waves

A

they transfer energy from the source of the wave to an absorber

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17
Q

explain how a microwave is an EM wave

A

transfers energy from the oven (source) to the food (absorber)

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18
Q

what is the EM spectrum

A

radio
microwave
infrared
visible light
ultraviolet
x-ray
gamma rays

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19
Q

at the start of the spectrum the properties of the waves are….

A

lower frequency and longer wavelength

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20
Q

at the end of the spectrum the properties of the wave are ….

A

higher frequency and shorter wavelength

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21
Q

what is the pneumonic for EM spectrum

A

Raw Meat Is Very Unsanitary eXcept Giraffes

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22
Q

do EM waves need a medium to travel in?

A

No because they are transverse

23
Q

what else can EM waves travel?

A

vacuum

24
Q

do EM waves vary speeds in a vacuum

A

no they all travel in the same speed

25
Q

what speed to EM waves travel in a vacuum

A

3 x 10 to the power of 8 m/s

26
Q

different materials ….. …… or …….. EM waves

A

absorb transmit or reflect

27
Q

waves change direction when they change ……

A

speed

28
Q

when do EM waves change speed

A

moving from one medium to another

29
Q

when light passes from air to glass …….

A

the velocity of light decreases (light wave slows down) which causes direction of wave to change

30
Q

when the wave passes from the glass back to the air …

A

the velocity increases (speeds up) then they bond away from the normal

31
Q

what material allows the most IR emission

A

matt black (leslie cube)

32
Q

what material let’s the least IR radiation occur

A

shiny metallic

33
Q

which surfaces absorbs more infrared

A

matt black

34
Q

which surfaces absorbs less infrared

A

shiny metallic

35
Q

when EM waves are generated or absorbed what happens to atoms or nuclei

A

changes happen

36
Q

when atoms are heated what happens

A

electrons move from one energy level to a higher one (further from the nucleus)

37
Q

what happens when an electron returns to its original energy level

A

it generates an EM wave

38
Q

what ray can be emitted by the nucleus

A

gamma rays

39
Q

once emitted out of a radioactive atom what happens to the nucleus

A

it has less energy that at the start

40
Q

what waves are hazardous to the human body

A

UV, x-ray and gamma

41
Q

what can UV cause to humans

A

skin cancer and premature aging

42
Q

what do x-ray and gamma rays do to the human body

A

they are ionising radiation so they can cause mutation of genes (increase of cancer risk)

43
Q

what are radio waves used for

A

transmit radio and terrestrial TV signals

44
Q

give one example why radio waves used for what they are used for

A

they travel long distances

45
Q

what are microwaves used for

A

heating food
communicate with satellites in space

46
Q

give one example why microwaves used for what they are used for

A

can pass through earth’s atmosphere without being reflected or refracted

47
Q

what is infrared used for

A

emitted by electrical heaters
cook food in ovens
infrared cameras

48
Q

give one example why infrared is used for what they are used for

A

easily absorbed by surface of objects

49
Q

what is visible light used for

A

communication using optic fibres (telephone and cable TV signals)

50
Q

what is ultraviolet used for

A

energy efficient light bulbs
sun tanning (sun beds)

51
Q

give one example why UV is used for what they are used for

A

less energy needed and used

52
Q

what can we use x-rays and gamma rays for

A

medical imaging
x-ray - broken bones
gamma - detect cancer
medical treatment- treat cancer

53
Q

give one example why x-rays and gamma rays are used for what they are used for

A

very penetrating
x-rays are absorbed by bones

54
Q

what is the speed of sound in air

A

330 m/s

GCSE physics paper 2 (1 decks)

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