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Physics 2023 > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the definition of a pulse?

A

A single disturbance in a medium

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2
Q

What is the definition of a transverse pulse?

A

A pulse in which the particles of the medium move at right angles to the direction of motion of the pulse

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3
Q

What is the definition of an amplitude?

A

The maximum distance of a particle from its rest (equilibrium) position

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4
Q

What is the definition of the principle of superposition?

A

The algebraic sum of the amplitudes of two pulses that occupy the same space at the same time

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5
Q

What is the definition of constructive interference

A

The PHENEOMENON where the crest of one pulse overlaps with the crest of another to produce a pulse of increased amplitude

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6
Q

What is the definition of destructive interference?

A

The PHENOMENON where the crest of one pulse overlaps with the trough of another, resulting in a pulse of reduced amplitude

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7
Q

What is the definition of a transverse wave?

A

A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate at right angles to the direction of motion of the wave. A transverse wave is a succession of transverse pulses

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8
Q

What is the definition of wavelength?

A

The distance between two successive points in phase

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9
Q

What is the definition of frequency

A

The numberof wave pulses per second

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10
Q

What is the definition of a period

A

The time taken for one complete wave pulse

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11
Q

What is the definition of amplitude

A

The maximum displacement of a particle from its equilibrium position

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12
Q

What is the definition of a crest

A

The highest point (peak) on a wave

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13
Q

What is the definition of a trough?

A

The lowest point on a wave

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14
Q

Explain the wave concept, “in phase”

A

Two points in phase are separated by a whole number (1; 2; 3;…) multiple of complete wavelengths

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15
Q

Explain the wave concept, “out of phase”

A

Points that are not separated by a whole number multiple of complete wavelengths

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15
Q

What is the definition of wave speed

A

The distance travelled by a point on a wave per unit of time

16
Q

What is the definition of a longitudinal wave

A

A wave in which the particles of the medium vibrate parallel to the direction motion of the wave

17
Q

What is the definition of a compression

A

A region of high pressure in a longitudinal wave

17
Q

What is the definition of a rarefaction

A

A region of low pressure in a longitudinal wave

18
Q

Explain how sound waves are created

A

Sound waves are created by vibrations in a medium in the direction of propagation. The vibrations cause a regular variation in pressure in the medium

19
Q

Describe a sound wave/What type of wave is a sound wave?

A

A longitudinal wave

20
Q

What are echoes?

A

Echoes are reflections of sound waves

21
Q

How is the pitch of a sound related to the frequency of a sound wave?

A

Pitch is the effect produced in the ear due to the sound of a particular frequency. Pitch is directly proportional to frequency.

22
Q

How is the loudness of a sound related to both the amplitude of a sound wave and the sensitivity of the human ear?

A

Loudness is a subjective term describing the strength of the ear’s perception of a sound. Loudness is directly proportional to amplitude.

23
Q

How is the quality of sound related to the waveform as it appears to the listener?

A

Two notes of the same pitch and loudness, played on different instruments do not sound the same because the waveforms are different and therefore differ in quality or tone

24
Q

What are sounds with frequencies higher than 20kHz up to about 100kHz?

A

Ultrasound

25
Q

Explain how an image can be created using ultrasound

A

When a wave encounters a boundary between two media, part of the wave is reflected, part is absorbed, and part is transmitted.

26
Q

What are some of the benefits and uses of ultrasound?

A

Safety, diagnosis, treatment and pregnancy

26
Q

What are the two methods of explaining the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation?

A

Some aspects of the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation can best be explained using a wave model and some aspects can be explained using a particle model.

27
Q

Describe the source of electromagnetic waves

A

An accelerating charge

28
Q

How does an electromagnetic wave propagate?

A

An electromagnetic wave propagates when an electric field oscillating in one plane produces a magnetic field oscillating in a plane at right angles to it, which produces an oscillating electric field, and so on.

29
Q

What is the constant speed that mutually regenerating fields travel through space?

A

3×10^8 m.s^-2 as represented by c

30
Q

What are the properties of electromagnetic waves?

A
  1. They originate from accelerating electric charges
  2. Propagate as electric and magnetic fields that are perpendicular to each other
  3. Can travel through a vaccuum
  4. Have a speed of 3×10^8 m.s^-1
31
Q

What is the definition of a photon?

A

A packet of energy found in light

32
Q

Explain the dual nature of electromagnetic radiation

A

Explain that some aspects of the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation can best be explained
using a wave model and some aspects can best be explained using a particle model.

Physics 2023 (4 decks)

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