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Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a wave

A

Mean of transferring energy and information from one point to another without the transfer of matter

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2
Q

What is amplitude

A

Maximum displacement of particles from their resting or equilibrium position
Height of crest or depth of trough

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3
Q

What is wavelangth

A

Distance between a particular point on a wave and the same point on another wave

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4
Q

What is frequency and what is it measured in?

A

Number of oscillations in one second
Measured in hertz (hz)

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5
Q

What is the equation for time period

A

Time period= 1/ frequency

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6
Q

What is the wave equation

A

Wave speed (m/s)= Frequency (hz) * Wavelength (m)

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7
Q

What are transverse waves

A

When the direction of vibrations are perpendicular to the direction of the waves

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8
Q

What are longitudinal waves

A

When the direction of vibrations are parallel to the direction of the waves

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9
Q

What is it called when the medium of a wave is close together

A

Compression

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10
Q

What is it called when the medium of a wave is far apart

A

Rarefaction

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11
Q

What are Wavefronts

A

Imaginary line that represents the vibrating part of a wave
Displacements at any points are the crests of the wave

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12
Q

Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum from the longest to the smallest

A

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma

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13
Q

What are common properties of the electromagnetic spectrum

A

Transfer of energy and information
All are transverse waves
Travel at the same speed through a vacuum
Can be refracted, reflected, diffracted and interfered

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14
Q

Harms of Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Gamma: Cell mutation/cancer
X-rays: Cell mutation/cancer
Ultraviolet: Skin cancer/sunburn
Infrared waves: Skin burn
Microwaves: Internal heating of body tissues

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15
Q

Uses of Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Gamma: sterilize medical tools to kill bacteria
X-rays: photograph bones
Ultraviolet: detecting security ink
Infrared: optical fibre communications
Visible: seeing and photography
Microwaves: satellite communication
Radio: long range communication

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16
Q

Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum from the longest to the smallest

A

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma

17
Q

Name the parts of the electromagnetic spectrum from the longest to the smallest

A

Radio waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Visible, Ultraviolet, X-ray, Gamma

18
Q

What is the law of reflection

A

Angle of incidence (i) = Angle of refraction (r)

19
Q

What are Virtual images and eg

A

They are formed only where light rays appear to come from
It cannot be formed by a screen
Images in mirrors are virtual

20
Q

What is Refraction
What happens when light enters a denser medium
What happens when light enters a less dense medium

A

Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to changes in speed as the wave passes from one medium to another
Denser medium: Speed decreases, light changes direction towards the normal, angle of refraction is less than angle of incidence
Less dense: Speed increases, light changes direction away the normal, angle of refraction is greater than angle of incidence

21
Q

What is the refractive index and what are its equations

A

Measure of how much a wave changes direction when it enters a new medium
N= sin(i) / sin(r)– less dense to more dense
1/N= sin(i) / sin(r)- more dense to less dense

22
Q

What is the critical angle and its equation

A

Angle of incidence that results in a angle of refraction of 90
Sin(c)= 1/n

23
Q

What is TIR, when does it occur, and what are 3 uses of it

A

Total Internal Reflection, It is the complete reflection (no refraction) of light on a boundary between more to less dense object. i >c
Uses include Prismatic periscope, Reflectors and optical fibre communication

24
Q

What is dispersion

A

When a prism splits the colours of white light into the spectrum
It occurs because the refractive index varies with the colours of white light

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